红叶藓属（学名：Bryoerythrophyllum）该属约27种，广泛分布于南、北半球的温带及热带山区。中国已记录有13种及2个变种。植株较粗壮，散生或疏丛生，初期黄绿色，后期渐呈红褐色。茎单一或具分枝，密被叶；叶干时紧贴，卷缩或旋扭，湿时直立或背仰；呈长卵形、长椭圆形或狭长披针形。多数种类叶腋着生球形芽胞体。被红色假根。茎圆形，有大形的厚角组织构成的中轴；叶基部稍宽，披针形，渐尖，叶尖具不明显的细齿，下部全缘。叶片上部细胞方形或六角形，薄壁或厚壁，基部细胞方形，无色或红色。生长于海拔600-3200米林下土壤上。

中文学名：红叶藓属

拉丁学名：Bryoerythrophyllum

界：植物界

门：苔藓植物门

纲：藓纲

科：丛藓科

属：红叶藓属

种：27种

物种形态

该属种类

分布范围

分种检索表

物种形态

模式种：红叶鲜B. recurvirostrum (Hedw.）Chen

植株较粗壮，散生或疏丛生，初期黄绿色，后期渐呈红褐色。茎单一或具分枝，密被叶；叶干时紧贴，卷缩或旋扭，湿时直立或背仰；呈长卵形、长椭圆形或狭长披针形，先端渐尖或圆钝呈舌状，稀剑头形；叶边平展或中下部背卷，上部常具不规则粗锐齿，稀全缘；中肋粗壮，先端稍细，在叶尖部消失或突出叶尖具小尖头；叶中上部细胞绿色，呈圆一方形或不规则五至六边形，每一细胞具数个圆形、马蹄形或环状细疣；基部细胞较长大，呈不规则长方形，平滑，常带红色；有的种类叶缘细胞带呈红棕色，多稀疏而透明，形成明显的分化边。多雌雄异株。蒴柄直立，成熟时紫红色。孢蒴短圆柱形，黄褐色，老时呈红色；环带有分化；蒴齿短，直立；齿片呈线形，密被细疣；蒴盖具斜长喙；蒴帽兜形。多数种类叶腋着生球形芽胞体。

该属种类

约27种

1.高山红叶藓

2.深色红叶藓

3.锯齿红叶藓

4.无齿红叶藓

5.钝头红叶藓

6.芽胞红叶藓

7.红叶藓

8.细叶红叶藓

9.云南红叶藓

10.东亚红叶藓（魏氏红叶藓）

分布范围

分布于南、北半球的温带及热带山区。我国已记录有13种及2变种。

分种检索表

1.叶先端完全回钝··························3.钝头红叶藓B. brachystegium

1.叶先端渐尖，或叶先端呈稍钝，但具小尖头···························2

2.叶片呈卵圆形或卵状披针形；叶缘无分化的边缘·························3

2.叶片呈舌形；叶缘具多列胞壁厚，且平滑无疣的细胞，构成明显分化的边缘··············9

3.叶片呈阔卵圆形；雌苞叶比普通叶较阔大；基部呈鞘状···········10.细红叶藓B. tenerrimum

3.叶片呈披针形；雌苞叶不分化·································4

4．叶边全缘且全部背卷·····································5

4.叶边仅下部全缘，背卷；上部多平展，且有锯齿··························7

5.叶片狭长，呈长卵状披针形，先端狭长渐尖···················9.大红叶藓B. rubrum

5.叶片较短阔，先端较钝，具短尖头································6

6.植株较细小；叶边先端全缘或具微齿，叶基狭且无分化···········8.红叶藓B. recurviroslrum

6.植株较粗壮；叶边先端具不规则的粗锯齿，叶基阔且与上部有明显分化····13.云南红叶藓B. yunnanense

7.植株纤细；叶片厚，疏生紧贴茎上，叶基无分化···············4.锯齿红叶藓B. dentatura

7.植株较粗壮；叶片或多或少倾立，叶基有分化···························8

8.叶边全缘；中肋粗壮，长达叶尖·····················5.无齿红叶藓B. gymnostomum

8.叶边中上部具粗锯齿；中肋至叶尖稍下即消失···························12

9.植株较矮小，茎高约0. 5-2cm叶片呈长椭圆状舌形，叶先端急尖，具小尖头··············10

9.植株长大，茎高约3--5cm；叶片呈长卵披针形，叶先端渐尖··········2.深色红叶藓B. atrorubens

10.叶边具规则的细锯齿，每齿由I个细胞或仅细胞尖部突出形成·········11.东亚红叶藓B. wallichii

10.叶边具不规则的粗锯齿，每1齿由多个细胞构成··························11

11.植株特细小，茎高仅5-7cm；无性芽胞缺如··················6.异叶红叶藓B. hostile

11.植株较大，茎高可达2cm以上；叶腋具多数呈总状花序似的卵球形芽胞体···7芽胞红叶藓B. pergemmascens

12.叶片上部渐呈披针形叶尖·························1.高山红叶藓B. alpigenum

12.叶片上部圆阔具小突尖头························12.伊春红叶藓B. yichunense