美国女孩无照摆摊被逐 ，美国小孩习以为常的“创业初体验”，却给俄勒冈州女孩朱丽·墨菲带来了一场风波。当时见证了整个事件的商贩中，有一名名叫麦克尔·弗兰克林的网上“名嘴”，他也是一个民间网站的成员。事后，弗兰克林采访了朱丽的母亲，将采访过程在网上播出，很快得到了许多媒体的关注。几乎所有的声音都支持小朱丽，网民们纷纷讨伐管理员用“官僚主义”扼杀了小女孩的创业热情，不少网友还回忆起儿时的卖柠檬水经历。为了更“大声”表达对政府监管泛滥的不满，弗兰克林与其他网友们就在Facebook创建了一个“柠檬水起义群”。

《新京报》相关报道

相关英文报道

美国市民玛丽亚·法夫刚7岁的女儿朱丽·墨菲受卡通片的启发，想售卖自制柠檬水来尝试初次创业，得到母亲的大力支持。而小朱丽刚摆下柠檬水摊，一名“美国城管”———卫生监督员就过来要求小朱丽掏150美元办卫生证，否则将面临500美元的罚款。

玛丽亚向“美国城管”解释小朱丽的动机却得不到理会。围观的美国市民建议小朱丽改卖为赠送，然后接受捐赠，但还是遭到“美国城管”的阻止，小朱丽只得含泪离开。此事被亲眼目睹的市民弗兰克林以一篇“美国法西斯分子是如何迫害小女孩创业热情的”文章刊发在网络上，而迅速成为一桩轰动美国的公共事件。为了更“大声”表达对政府监管泛滥的不满，弗兰克林与其他网友们就在Facebook创建了一个“柠檬水起义群”。他们呼吁网友们在该郡8月底的市集上举行“起义”，全都来无证摆摊，“和你们的家人一起来摆柠檬水摊子吧，不管是薄荷水、还是薰衣草，任何你能想到的都可以。政府会来管的，但我们不会走人，我们要让整条街区都是柠檬水摊子。”截至2010年8月13日，已经有819名网友承诺会参加“柠檬水起义”。

《新京报》相关报道

最近，“柠檬水女孩”的故事在美国成为不少媒体关注的焦点；这位7岁的俄勒冈州女孩不久前在一个地方集市上售卖柠檬水，但因为没有卫生执照，被地方卫生管理员驱逐。这名女孩的遭遇引发媒体关注，很多人指责当地管理机构无权将小女孩赶走，称其扼杀了小女孩的创业热情。在舆论压力下，当地地方官亲自向这名女孩的母亲道歉，并要求卫生管理机构在执行相关法律时倍加谨慎，鼓励而非阻碍公民创业。

对于绝大多数美国孩子而言，和小伙伴在街边卖自制的柠檬水、曲奇饼，往往是他们人生最早的“创业”体验。美国小学的慈善启蒙教育之一，也是组织学生通过卖柠檬水或零食自筹善款；有人为此还特别开发了一套卖柠檬水的经济学游戏，用以模拟这种最初级的创业模式……。俄勒冈州女孩朱丽·墨菲受卡通片启发，央求妈妈带自己开个卖柠檬水的小摊。尽管女儿只有7岁，但妈妈还是同意了小朱丽的要求。7月29日，俄勒冈州的摩特诺玛郡照例举行每月一次的市集，在妈妈的帮助下，小朱丽开始在一个画家和一个卖包的摊位中间摆起了饮料摊子。但开张仅仅20分钟，一名身着制服的管理人员便上前询问小朱丽母女有没有卫生许可。根据该州法律，临时摆摊需要花120美元办临时卫生执照，如果拒不收摊就必须缴纳500美元罚款。这令朱丽的妈妈十分意外，“我从没听说孩子的柠檬水摊也要办许可证。”但她不愿争辩，打算收拾摊子走人。这时，周围的摊贩聚拢过来，他们认为管理员无权把小女孩赶走。他们建议母女俩向路人赠送柠檬水，同时接受他们的捐款。由于遭到周围人反对，这名管理人员只得离开。不过，不久后，这名管理员又带来了一名同事，再次要求两人撤摊。这时，摊贩们越聚越多，纷纷和管理员理论，气氛开始变得紧张。朱丽的妈妈不愿事态升级，干脆收摊走人。

小朱丽的首次创业就这样带着遗憾结束，不过，“撤摊事件”却没有因此终结。当时见证了整个事件的商贩中，有一名名叫麦克尔·弗兰克林的网上“名嘴”，他事后采访了朱丽的母亲，将采访过程在网上播出。这立即引发美国网民的强烈反响，并很快得到了许多媒体的关注。几乎所有的声音都支持小朱丽，网民们纷纷讨伐管理员用“官僚主义”扼杀了小女孩的创业热情。迫于舆论压力，8月5日，当地最高地方官杰夫·科根亲自给朱丽的母亲打电话，正式向她道歉。他说：卫生检查官员是在“照章办事”，但他们同时也要有“专业的判断力”，应该给小朱丽一个例外，“我不认为一个7岁小女孩的柠檬水摊子是我们郡面临的最严重健康威胁。”科根后来还要求地方卫生检查员在执行卫生法规时“倍加谨慎”，因为这部法律是为了促进商业，而非相反。至此，这场柠檬水引发的风波还没有完结；为了更“大声”表达对政府监管泛滥的不满，弗兰克林与其他网民们就在Facebook创建了一个“柠檬水起义群”。他们呼吁网民们在该郡8月底的市集上举行“起义”，全都来无证摆摊，“和你们的家人一起来摆柠檬水摊子吧，不管是薄荷水、还是薰衣草，任何你能想到的都可以。政府会来管的，但我们不会走人，我们要让整条街区都是柠檬水摊子。”截至8月13日，已经有819名网民承诺会参加“柠檬水起义”。他们都不会办卫生许可，也不会出售柠檬水，而是免费赠送，只接受捐款。……美国7岁女孩的柠檬水摊因没卫生执照而被驱逐，当地官员在舆论压力下向她道歉的新闻被报道了该事件后，引来大陆网民的大量留言，而留言中的绝大部份都是对这个小女孩充满了同情之心，同时引发人们对美国和中国的对比评论，以及对中国和美国制度差异的评价。

一位网民表示：“为什么我们小时候认为的万恶的资本主义社会到处都充满了人情味呢?”另一位网民称：“看看美国，这就是美国，我们还有脸指责美国这也不好，那也不好吗？真正做好了自己的事，再说别人如何。自己就是个无赖，还能为别人伸张正义？笑话。”

幸福，来源于奉献，绝非索取，明白了这个道理，人生豁然开朗！

有网民称：“在中国能摆小摊吗，我也想赠送柠檬水，接受捐款。”还有网民称：“舆论强大啊，美国还是不敢违背。”另外一位网民称：“咳，这只有在美国才可能发生。”还有网民表示：“小事件折射大道理，小事件折射大社会。”网民还表示：“这就是美国强大的原因了。”“和谐美国。”……但就在美国民间的网络“名嘴”，就7岁女孩的柠檬水摊因没卫生执照而被驱逐、他事后采访小孩母亲、将采访过程在网上播出，引发美国网民的强烈反响，和许多媒体的关注，网民们纷纷批评管理员用“官僚主义”扼杀了小女孩的创业热情的时候，中国却几乎时刻上演比7岁女孩的柠檬水摊因没卫生执照而被驱逐严重千百倍的事情。试举当时发生在中国南北两地的城管与公民的冲突事件。

8月3日，江苏省泰州市发生城管与小贩冲突事件，一批外省瓜贩因同乡被多名城管人员围殴受伤，与城管人员混战。路上数千民众群情汹涌，包围城管人员抗议。当局最后调派数百名防暴公安到场驱散人群，并将涉事者带走调查。媒体消息指，一名用三轮车运西瓜的安徽籍瓜贩，当日傍晚在泰州市西门桥附近，被城管人员指占道经营，双方先是口角继而动武。其他安徽籍瓜贩闻讯赶至，发现同乡已被打致倒卧地上，西瓜亦被打至稀烂，散落一地。途经的民众也不齿城管所为，包围涉嫌打人的城管，双方发生推撞，现场一片混乱。冲突期间部分瓜贩被打，双方引起混战。至夜晚群众愈聚愈多，城管人员被数千人包围。当局后来调派数百名防暴公安到场平息事件。媒体又指泰州市公安局拒绝就冲突事件回应。

8月3日，四川内江市威远县连介镇，城管强行干涉一对夫妻摩托车停放位置，双方发生争执，警察随后殴打车主至重伤，引发民愤。上万群众围堵派出所两天多，砸烂推翻数辆警车，砸烂派出所门窗。当局出动上千防暴警察镇压，双方发生冲突，许多学生、儿童被打伤。当日下午，摩托车夫妇在路边停车，男方去买水时，城管过来，要把摩托车开走，女的不从，被城管打得鼻青脸肿。男的回来后与城管理论，也被城管殴打出血，城管随即开车逃离。夫妻报警，警察来后又暴打男车主致下体受重伤。然而医院拒绝受伤男子就医，导致积怨已久的民愤终于大爆发。下午4点多，2千多群众聚集到镇派出所，要求他们交出打人的城管警察，组成人墙堵住派出所大门。当局出动全内江市的警力、防暴警察到场，驱散围观群众。群众奋力还击，整夜至次日清晨，向警察扔矿泉水瓶、砖头，30多警察被打伤，其中包括威远县公安局副局长。威远县县长赶到现场，对群众喊话，却不能阻止群众的愤怒，一定要派出所交出打人警察。……有网民将上述暴力冲突事件的消息、照片在网络上发表，但随即就被全部删除。而这个时候，却是美国摩特诺玛郡的最高地方官科根亲自给7岁“柠檬水女孩”朱丽的母亲打电话，正式向她道歉、朱丽的妈妈她女儿都接受道歉时候。而这个时候，也正是美国网民弗兰克林为了更“大声”表达对政府监管泛滥的不满，与其他网民们就在Facebook创建了一个“柠檬水起义群”并已经有数百人参加的时候。他们利用网络公然号召对抗美国政府，并准备上街“扰乱社会秩序”或“寻衅肇事”。但是，他们的网络流畅，没有人封杀；也没有因“颠覆政府”、“扰乱社会秩序”或“寻衅肇事”等等“破坏稳定”的罪名被关进监狱；相反，当地政府却在为了如何应付15000人将要无证摆摊的事情而绞尽脑汁……。

同一个地球同一个时段，几乎发生同样的事情，公民的处境和公权力的态度与作为，就是如此的不同。不同的理由，只不过是我们在光明的中国，而他们在黑暗的美国。

相关英文报道

Seven-year-old Julie Murphy of Oregon City still smiles about her enterprise despite running afoul of county inspectors for an unlicensed lemonade stand at Last Thursday.

It's hardly unusual to hear small-business owners gripe about licensing requirements or complain that heavy-handed regulations are driving them into the red. So when Multnomah County shut down an enterprise last week for operating without a license, you might just sigh and say, there they go again. Except this entrepreneur was a 7-year-old named Julie Murphy. Her business was a lemonade stand at the Last Thursday monthly art fair in Northeast Portland. The government regulation she violated? Failing to get a $120 temporary restaurant license. Turns out that kids' lemonade stands -- those constants of summertime -- are supposed to get a permit in Oregon, particularly at big events that happen to be patrolled regularly by county health inspectors. "I understand the reason behind what they're doing and it's a neighborhood event, and they're trying to generate revenue," said Jon Kawaguchi, environmental health supervisor for the Multnomah County Health Department. "But we still need to put the public's health first." Julie had become enamored of the idea of having a stand after watching an episode of cartoon pig Olivia running one, said her mother, Maria Fife. The two live in Oregon City, but Fife knew her daughter would get few customers if she set up her stand at home. Plus, Fife had just attended Last Thursday along Portland's Northeast Alberta Street for the first time and loved the friendly feel and the diversity of the grass-roots event. She put the two things together and promised to take her daughter in July. The girl worked on a sign, coloring in the letters and decorating it with a drawing of a person saying "Yummy." She made a list of supplies. Then, with gallons of bottled water and packets of Kool-Aid, they drove up last Thursday with a friend and her daughter. They loaded a wheelbarrow that Julie steered to the corner of Northeast 26th and Alberta and settled into a space between a painter and a couple who sold handmade bags and kids' clothing. Even before her daughter had finished making the first batch of lemonade, a man walked up to buy a 50-cent cup. "They wanted to support a little 7-year-old to earn a little extra summer loot," she said. "People know what's going on." Even so, Julie was careful about making the lemonade, cleaning her hands with hand sanitizer, using a scoop for the bagged ice and keeping everything covered when it wasn't in use, Fife said. After 20 minutes, a "lady with a clipboard" came over and asked for their license. When Fife explained they didn't have one, the woman told them they would need to leave or possibly face a $500 fine. Surprised, Fife started to pack up. The people staffing the booths next to them encouraged the two to stay, telling them the inspectors had no right to kick them out of the neighborhood gathering. They also suggested that they give away the lemonade and accept donations instead and one of them made an announcement to the crowd to support the lemonade stand. That's when business really picked up -- and two inspectors came back, Fife said. Julie started crying, while her mother packed up and others confronted the inspectors. "It was a very big scene," Fife said. Technically, any lemonade stand -- even one on your front lawn -- must be licensed under state law, said Eric Pippert, the food-borne illness prevention program manager for the state's public health division. But county inspectors are unlikely to go after kids selling lemonade on their front lawn unless, he conceded, their front lawn happens to be on Alberta Street during Last Thursday. "When you go to a public event and set up shop, you're suddenly engaging in commerce," he said. "The fact that you're small-scale I don't think is relevant." Kawaguchi, who oversees the two county inspectors involved, said they must be fair and consistent in their monitoring, no matter the age of the person. "Our role is to protect the public," he said. The county's shutdown of the lemonade stand was publicized by Michael Franklin, the man at the booth next to Fife and her daughter. Franklin contributes to the Bottom Up Radio Network, an online anarchist site, and interviewed Fife for his show. Franklin is also organizing a "Lemonade Revolt" for Last Thursday in August. He's calling on anarchists, neighbors and others to come early for the event and grab space for lemonade stands on Alberta between Northeast 25th and Northeast 26th. As for Julie, the 7-year-old still tells her mother "it was a bad day." When she complains about the health inspector, Fife reminds her that the woman was just doing her job. She also promised to help her try again -- at an upcoming neighborhood garage sale. While Fife said she does see the need for some food safety regulation, she thinks the county went too far in trying to control events as unstructured as Last Thursday. "As far as Last Thursday is concerned, people know when they are coming there that it's more or less a free-for-all," she said. "It's gotten to the point where they need to be in all of our decisions. They don't trust us to make good choices on our own."

后续报道

No need to jack up the price of a glass of lemonade. Turns out kids won't have to shell out $120 for a health permit to run their lemonade stands after all.

Multnomah County's top elected official apologized Thursday for health inspectors who forced a 7-year-old girl to shut down her stand last week because she didn't have a food-safety permit.

Chairman Jeff Cogen also said he has directed county health department workers to use "professional discretion" in doing their jobs.

Inspectors told Julie Murphy and her mother, Maria Fife, to stop selling lemonade at the monthly Last Thursday arts festival in Northeast Portland last week. State law technically requires that even lemonade stands have temporary restaurant licenses, which cost $120 for one day.

Cogen said the inspectors were "following the rule book," but should consider that food-safety laws are aimed at adults engaged in a professional food business, not kids running lemonade stands.

"A lemonade stand is a classic, iconic American kid thing to do," he said. "I don't want to be in the business of shutting that down."

Cogen talked with Fife for five to 10 minutes to apologize.

Fife said she appreciated his apology after the furor and her daughter was happy because "she's starting to see it had some effect."

Fife also said a radio station has offered to sponsor a lemonade stand for Julie.

The mother and her daughter had gone to Last Thursday because it seemed like a fun place for Julie to open her first lemonade stand, said Fife, who lives in Oregon City.

But after 20 minutes of selling lemonade made from their gallon jugs of bottled water and Kool-Aid packets, a health inspector asked for their license. They didn't have one, and the inspector warned them to stop or face up to a $500 fine.

Maria Fife, here with her 7-year-old daughter Julie Murphy, got an apology Thursday from Multnomah County Chairman Jeff Cogen after county health inspectors shut down the girl's stand last week.

Initially, vendors at other booths encouraged them to stay, but the inspector returned with another woman. The crowd surrounded the two inspectors, who felt threatened, Cogen said. Fife and her daughter, who left the street fair crying, packed up and the two inspectors left.

Several people who read about the stand in The Oregonian offered to pay the girl's fee so she can sell lemonade. In addition, one of the Last Thursday vendors is planning a "lemonade revolt" at the festival this month.

Cogen and health department officials said they aren't sure what their response will be if people set up unlicensed lemonade stands, as the protest calls for. Cogen emphasized that his employees' safety is also a top concern for him.

The problem illustrates an ongoing dilemma for the health department -- and other local agencies -- in regulating aspects of Last Thursday, Cogen said.

Unlike other events including the upcoming Bite of Oregon or the Cinco de Mayo festival, the free-form Last Thursday fair along Northeast Alberta Street doesn't have a single organizer who takes charge of signing up vendors. People set up booths on a first-come, first-served basis. They don't have to register for space in advance.

The county health department still needs to monitor the food operations at Last Thursday for public health reasons, said Wendy Lear, director of business services for the county health department. Instead of dealing with a single organizer -- who typically has a list of participating vendors and could provide the basic sanitation and hand-washing facilities -- health inspectors have to check with each vendor.

The festival has grown in scope and in cost to taxpayers. In February, the city said it spends about $10,000 a month in the summer for police, security, barricades and traffic control for Last Thursday. Residents have complained of festival-goers urinating and vomiting in front of their houses and other drunken and rowdy behavior.

City Commissioner Amanda Fritz said she and Mayor Sam Adams will present a plan for Last Thursday in the next two weeks. She declined to discuss details, though she noted that vendors at Last Thursday don't pay vendor fees, which she said is "different from any other street fair" in Portland.

She added she believes the health inspectors were right to shut down the lemonade stand.

"When you've got 15,000 people, it's no longer a neighborhood event, it's a regional event," she said. "The county has the responsibility to fairly enforce the rules on permits and food handlers' permits."