| 词条 | 编译器构造 |
| 释义 | 这本书是一本面向计算机专业本科生或研究生的编译器教材。作者在三所美国大学拥有长达25年的编译器教学经验，在本书中对编译器构造的基本知识与关键技术进行了全新的讲解。本书的主要内容包括：编译器历史和概述、词法分析（扫描）、语法分析（包括自顶向下和自底向上的分析）、语法制导翻译、符号表和声明处理、语义分析、中间表示形式、虚拟机上的代码生成、运行时支持、目标代码生成和程序优化等。 图书信息书 名: 《编译器构造》作 者：（美）费希尔，塞特朗，勒布兰 出版社： 清华大学出版社出版时间： 2010-6-1ISBN: 9787302227205开本： 16开定价: 79.00元 内容简介本书提供了详尽清晰的算法，主推在实践中学习编译器构造的相关技术，同时提供了配合教材使用的教学网站、参考资料以及源码下载。不仅可以作为计算机专业本科生或研究生的参考教材，同时也适合相关领域的软件工程师、系统分析师等作为参考资料。 图书目录1 Introduction 1 1.1 History of Compilation 2 1.2 What Compilers Do 4 1.2.1 Machine CodeGenerated byCompilers 4 1.2.2 TargetCode Formats 7 1.3 Interpreters 9 1.4 Syntax and Semantics 10 1.4.1 Static Semantics 11 1.4.2 Runtime Semantics 12 1.5 Organization of aCompiler 14 1.5.1 TheScanner 16 1.5.2 TheParser 16 1.5.3 TheTypeChecker(Semantic Analysis) 17 1.5.4 Translator(Program Synthesis) 17 1.5.5 Symbol Tables 18 1.5.6 TheOptimizer 18 1.5.7 TheCode Generator 19 1.5.8 Compiler Writing Tools 19 1.6 Programming Language and Compiler Design 20 1.7 Computer Architecture and Compiler Design 21 1.8 Compiler DesignConsiderations 22 1.8.1 Debugging(Development)Compilers 22 1.8.2 Optimizing Compilers 23 1.8.3 Retargetable Compilers 23 1.9 Integrated DevelopmentEnvironments 24 Exercises 26 2 A Simple Compiler 31 2.1 AnInformalDe.nition of the acLanguage 32 2.2 FormalDe.nition of ac 33 2.2.1 SyntaxSpeci.cation 33 2.2.2 TokenSpeci.cation 36 2.3 Phasesof aSimpleCompiler 37 2.4 Scanning 38 2.5 Parsing 39 2.5.1 Predicting aParsingProcedure 41 2.5.2 Implementing theProduction 43 2.6 AbstractSyntaxTrees 45 2.7 Semantic Analysis 46 2.7.1 Symbol Tables 47 2.7.2 TypeChecking 48 2.8 Code Generation 51 Exercises 54 3 Scanning—Theory and Practice 57 3.1 Overviewof aScanner 58 3.2 Regular Expressions 60 3.3 Examples 62 3.4 Finite Automata and Scanners 64 3.4.1 Deterministic Finite Automata 65 3.5 The LexScannerGenerator 69 3.5.1 De.ning Tokensin Lex 70 3.5.2 TheCharacterClass 71 3.5.3 UsingRegular Expressions to De.neTokens 73 3.5.4 CharacterProcessingUsingLex 76 3.6 OtherScannerGenerators 77 3.7 PracticalConsiderations ofBuildingScanners 79 3.7.1 ProcessingIdenti.ers andLiterals 79 3.7.2 UsingCompiler Directives and Listing SourceLines 83 3.7.3 Terminating theScanner 85 3.7.4 Multicharacter Lookahead 86 3.7.5 PerformanceConsiderations 87 3.7.6 LexicalErrorRecovery 89 3.8 Regular Expressions and Finite Automata 92 3.8.1 Transforming aRegularExpressioninto anNFA 93 3.8.2 Creating theDFA 94 3.8.3 Optimizing Finite Automata 97 3.8.4 Translating Finite Automata into Regular Expressions 100 3.9 Summary 103 Exercises 106 4 Grammars and Parsing 113 4.1 Context-FreeGrammars 114 4.1.1 Leftmost Derivations 116 4.1.2 Rightmost Derivations 116 4.1.3 ParseTrees 117 4.1.4 OtherTypes ofGrammars 118 4.2 Properties of CFGs 120 4.2.1 Reduced Grammars 120 4.2.2 Ambiguity 121 4.2.3 FaultyLanguage De.nition 122 4.3 TransformingExtended Grammars 122 4.4 Parsers and Recognizers 123 4.5 GrammarAnalysisAlgorithms 127 4.5.1 GrammarRepresentation 127 4.5.2 Deriving theEmpty String 128 4.5.3 FirstSets 130 4.5.4 FollowSets 134 Exercises 138 5 Top-Down Parsing 143 5.1 Overview 144 5.2 LL(k)Grammars 145 5.3 Recursive-DescentLL(1)Parsers 149 5.4 Table-Driven LL(1)Parsers 150 5.5 Obtaining LL(1)Grammars 154 5.5.1 Common Pre.xes 156 5.5.2 Left Recursion 157 5.6 A Non-LL(1)Language 159 5.7 Properties ofLL(1)Parsers 161 5.8 ParseTable Representation 163 5.8.1 Compaction 164 5.8.2 Compression 165 5.9 SyntacticErrorRecovery andRepair 168 5.9.1 ErrorRecovery 169 5.9.2 ErrorRepair 169 5.9.3 ErrorDetectionin LL(1)Parsers 171 5.9.4 ErrorRecoveryinLL(1)Parsers 171 Exercises 173 6 Bottom-Up Parsing 179 6.1 Overview 180 6.2 Shift-Reduce Parsers 181 6.2.1 LRParsers and RightmostDerivations 182 6.2.2 LRParsing asKnitting 182 6.2.3 LRParsing Engine 184 6.2.4 TheLRParseTable 185 6.2.5 LR(k)Parsing 187 6.3 LR(0)Table Construction 191 6.4 Con.ictDiagnosis 197 6.4.1 Ambiguous Grammars 199 6.4.2 Grammars that are not LR(k) 202 6.5 Con.ictResolution andTableConstruction 204 6.5.1 SLR(k)Table Construction 204 6.5.2 LALR(k)Table Construction 209 6.5.3 LALR Propagation Graph 211 6.5.4 LR(k)Table Construction 219 Exercises 224 7 Syntax-Directed Translation 235 7.1 Overview 235 7.1.1 SemanticActions andValues 236 7.1.2 Synthesized and Inherited Attributes 237 7.2 Bottom-Up Syntax-DirectedTranslation 239 7.2.1 Example 239 7.2.2 Rule Cloning 243 7.2.3 ForcingSemantic Actions 244 7.2.4 AggressiveGrammarRestructuring 246 7.3 Top-DownSyntax-DirectedTranslation 247 7.4 AbstractSyntaxTrees 250 7.4.1 Concrete and AbstractTrees 250 7.4.2 An Ef.cientAST DataStructure 251 7.4.3 InfrastructureforCreating ASTs 252 7.5 ASTDesign andConstruction 254 7.5.1 Design 256 7.5.2 Construction 258 7.6 ASTStructuresforLeft andRightValues 261 7.7 Design PatternsforASTs 264 7.7.1 Node ClassHierarchy 264 7.7.2 Visitor Pattern 265 7.7.3 Re.ectiveVisitorPattern 268 Exercises 272 8 Symbol Tables and Declaration Processing 279 8.1 Constructing aSymbolTable 280 8.1.1 Static Scoping 282 8.1.2 A Symbol Table Interface 282 8.2 Block-StructuredLanguages andScopes 284 8.2.1 Handling Scopes 284 8.2.2 OneSymbolTable orMany? 285 8.3 Basic Implementation Techniques 286 8.3.1 Entering andFindingNames 286 8.3.2 TheName Space 289 8.3.3 An Ef.cientSymbol Table Implementation 290 8.4 Advanced Features 293 8.4.1 Records and Typenames 294 8.4.2 Overloading andTypeHierarchies 294 8.4.3 Implicit Declarations 296 8.4.4 Export andImportDirectives 296 8.4.5 Altered SearchRules 297 8.5 Declaration ProcessingFundamentals 298 8.5.1 Attributes in the Symbol Table 298 8.5.2 TypeDescriptorStructures 299 8.5.3 TypeCheckingUsing anAbstractSyntaxTree 300 8.6 Variable andTypeDeclarations 303 8.6.1 Simple Variable Declarations 303 8.6.2 Handling TypeNames 304 8.6.3 TypeDeclarations 305 8.6.4 Variable DeclarationsRevisited 308 8.6.5 Static ArrayTypes 311 8.6.6 Struct and RecordTypes 312 8.6.7 Enumeration Types 313 8.7 Class and Method Declarations 316 8.7.1 ProcessingClassDeclarations 317 8.7.2 ProcessingMethod Declarations 321 8.8 An Introduction toTypeChecking 323 8.8.1 Simple Identi.ers and Literals 327 8.8.2 Assignment Statements 328 8.8.3 Checking Expressions 328 8.8.4 Checking ComplexNames 329 8.9 Summary 334 Exercises 336 9 Semantic Analysis 343 9.1 Semantic AnalysisforControl Structures 343 9.1.1 Reachability and Termination Analysis 345 9.1.2 IfStatements 348 9.1.3 While, Do, andRepeat Loops 350 9.1.4 ForLoops 353 9.1.5 Break,Continue, Return, andGoto Statements 356 9.1.6 Switch andCaseStatements 364 9.1.7 Exception Handling 369 9.2 Semantic Analysis ofCalls 376 9.3 Summary 384 Exercises 385 10 Intermediate Representations 391 10.1 Overview 392 10.1.1 Examples 393 10.1.2 TheMiddle-End 395 10.2 Java Virtual Machine 397 10.2.1 Introduction andDesignPrinciples 398 10.2.2 Contents of aClassFile 399 10.2.3 JVMInstructions 401 10.3 Static Single Assignment Form 410 10.3.1 Renaming and φ-functions 411 Exercises 414 11 Code Generation for a Virtual Machine 417 11.1 Visitors forCode Generation 418 11.2 Class and Method Declarations 420 11.2.1 ClassDeclarations 422 11.2.2 Method Declarations 424 11.3 The MethodBodyVisitor 425 11.3.1 Constants 425 11.3.2 References to LocalStorage 426 11.3.3 Static References 427 11.3.4 Expressions 427 11.3.5 Assignment 429 11.3.6 Method Calls 430 11.3.7 Field References 432 11.3.8 ArrayReferences 433 11.3.9 Conditional Execution 435 11.3.10Loops 436 11.4 The LHSVisitor 437 11.4.1 Local References 437 11.4.2 Static References 438 11.4.3 Field References 439 11.4.4 ArrayReferences 439 Exercises 441 12 Runtime Support 445 12.1 Static Allocation 446 12.2 Stack Allocation 447 12.2.1 Field AccessinClasses andStructs 449 12.2.2 AccessingFrames at Runtime 450 12.2.3 Handling Classes and Objects 451 12.2.4 Handling Multiple Scopes 453 12.2.5 Block-LevelAllocation 455 12.2.6 MoreAbout Frames 457 12.3 Arrays 460 12.3.1 Static One-Dimensional Arrays 460 12.3.2 Multidimensional Arrays 465 12.4 Heap Management 468 12.4.1 Allocation Mechanisms 468 12.4.2 Deallocation Mechanisms 471 12.4.3 Automatic GarbageCollection 472 12.5 Region-Based MemoryManagement 479 Exercises 482 13 Target Code Generation 489 13.1 Translating Bytecodes 490 13.1.1 Allocating memory addresses 493 13.1.2 Allocating Arrays andObjects 493 13.1.3 Method Calls 496 13.1.4 Example ofBytecodeTranslation 498 13.2 Translating ExpressionTrees 501 13.3 Register Allocation 505 13.3.1 On-the-FlyRegister Allocation 506 13.3.2 RegisterAllocation Using GraphColoring 508 13.3.3 Priority-Based RegisterAllocation 516 13.3.4 Interprocedural RegisterAllocation 517 13.4 Code Scheduling 519 13.4.1 ImprovingCode Scheduling 523 13.4.2 Global andDynamicCodeScheduling 524 13.5 Automatic Instruction Selection 526 13.5.1 InstructionSelection UsingBURS 529 13.5.2 InstructionSelection UsingTwig 531 13.5.3 OtherApproaches 532 13.6 Peephole Optimization 532 13.6.1 Levels ofPeepholeOptimization 533 13.6.2 AutomaticGeneration ofPeepholeOptimizers 536 Exercises 538 14 Program Optimization 547 14.1 Overview 548 14.1.1 WhyOptimize? 549 14.2 Control FlowAnalysis 555 14.2.1 Control FlowGraphs 556 14.2.2 Program andControlFlowStructure 559 14.2.3 DirectProcedureCall Graphs 560 14.2.4 Depth-FirstSpanning Tree 560 14.2.5 Dominance 565 14.2.6 Simple Dominance Algorithm 567 14.2.7 FastDominanceAlgorithm 571 14.2.8 Dominance Frontiers 581 14.2.9 Intervals 585 14.3 Introduction to DataFlowAnalysis 598 14.3.1 Available Expressions 598 14.3.2 LiveVariables 601 14.4 Data FlowFrameworks 604 14.4.1 Data FlowEvaluation Graph 604 14.4.2 Meet Lattice 606 14.4.3 TransferFunctions 608 14.5 Evaluation 611 14.5.1 Iteration 611 14.5.2 Initialization 615 14.5.3 Termination andRapidFrameworks 616 14.5.4 Distributive Frameworks 620 14.6 Constant Propagation 623 14.7 SSA Form 627 14.7.1 Placing φ-Functions 629 14.7.2 Renaming 631 Exercises 636 Bibliography 651 Abbreviations 661 Pseudocode Guide 663 Index |
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