一、 被动语态的基本句型

二、 被动语态的用法

三、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

四、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题

五、被动语态的几种类型

六、 不用被动语态的情况

七、特殊形式的被动语态

被动语态的句子通常是以《be动词+过去分词》(Be+Passive)的形式来表达，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by～，译为“被（由）……”。

一、 被动语态的基本句型

肯定句：主语+be +过去分词+（by～）.

否定句：主语+be not +过去分词+（by～）.

一般疑问句：Be +主语+过去分词+（by～）？

特殊疑问句：疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+（by～）？

被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。

二、 被动语态的用法

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词

The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.

The new road was being made.

*过去将来时：should/would+及物动词的过去分词

*过去将来完成时: should/would+have been +及物动词的过去分词

7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词

The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.

The tickets had been sold out berore I came to the cinema.

8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done

They will have been married for 20 years by then.

The project will have been completed before May.

9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

三、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.

3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.

4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.

6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

四、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.</CA

五、被动语态的几种类型

1.SVO（只有一个宾语的句子）

主动句：S（主）+V（谓）+O（宾）

被动句：S（主）+be+过去分词+by+O（原主语之宾格形式）

2.SVOO（有两个宾语的句子）

主动句：S（主）+V（谓）+IO（间接宾语）+DO（直接宾语）

被动句：S（原IO）+be+过去分词+原DO+by+原主语之宾格

S（原DO）+be+过去分词+原IO+by+原主语之宾格

六、 不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

如：After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

如：This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn。

如：It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life

如：She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

七、特殊形式的被动语态

英语被动语态的构成通常是：“Be+Passive”。但“Get+Passive”也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？ 著名学者周海中教授在论文《Get-Passive研究》中指出：Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式；相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛，一般限于口语和非正式书面语；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。