词条 | 半系动词 |
释义 | 定义半系动词就是相当于be的动词,可以替换纯系动词。用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态、性质特征或身份等。 分类半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有: 1.表感官的系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel(这些词用形容词作表语) 2.表似乎的系动词seem, appear 3.表变化的系动词:become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run 4.表依旧的系动词:remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold 5.可带名词作表语的系动词:become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.) 如果读者对于这个语法现象还是不怎么理解的话,可以以这个名句为例子学学:the man who dies rich dies disgraced.在巨富中死去,是一种耻辱。其中的rich and disgraced 是说明主语的性质的。 1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) 注意:可带名词作表语的系动词be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn后接的单数名词 前多不用冠词。 2.系动词无被动语态: appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 如: It sounds good. 实例解析半系动词通常可以和形容词连用,有些半系动词可以和介词短语或asif等连词连用。现将半系动词分为四类进行讨论。 1、“感官动词”类:look feel smell taste sound等,例如: (1)Thestorysounds_______.(MET89) A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true (2)Thoseorangestaste_______.(MET91) A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell (3)--Areyoufeeling_______ (NMET92) --Yes I'mfinenow. A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter (4)--Doyoulikethematerial --Yes it______verywell.(NMET94) A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt (5)--Howareyoutoday --Oh I______asillasIdonowforaverylongtime. (NMET2000) A.didn'tfeelB.wasn'tfeeling C.don'tfeelD.haven'tfelt (6)--Youdon'tlookvery______.Areyouill --No I'mjustabittired.(北京春招2003) A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy (7)Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif ______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection. (2003春招) A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee 解析 此七题的答案分别是DABCDBD。此类半系动词通常可以直接搭配形容词或like或asif等结构。此类半系动词一般不使用进行时或被动语态。第(7)题的asif后实际上省略了hewanted. 2、“状态变化”类:get turn go come become grow fall make等,例如: (1)--Howlong_____eachotherbeforethey______married --Foraboutayear.(NMET93) A.havetheyknown get B.didtheyknow weregoingtoget C.dotheyknow aregoingtoget D.hadtheyknown got (2)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythe hour.(NMET98) A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay (3)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd Igot______frommy friends.(NMET2001) A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed (4)Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot youmay______runoverbyacar.(北京春招2002) A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn (5)--Howaretheteamplaying --Theyareplayingwell butoneofthem______hurt. (2002春招) A.gotB.getsC.areD.were 解析 此五题的答案分别是DCABA。由此可见get后搭配过去分词构成系表结构是非常常见的一种搭配形式。它常表示一种状态,不强调动作。 3、“保持不变”类:stay lie stand keep remain continue等,例如: (1)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheold couple butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit. (NMET2002) A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen (2)--Mummy canIputthepeachesinthecupboard --No dear.Theydon't______well.Puttheminthe fridgeinstead.(2002北京春 招) A.keepB.fitC.getD.last (3)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge Itwill______freshforseveraldays.(NMET2003) A.bestayedB.stay C.bestaying D.havestayed 解析 此三题的答案分别是BAB。此类半系动词后常搭配形容词、副词或不定式结构。 |
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