词条 | 虚拟条件句 |
释义 | 虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则,即把时态向过去推一格。 一般虚拟条件句一、对现在情况的虚拟 条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。 If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town. 如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你) If I had a map now,we could easily get out of the forest. 如果现在有地图,我们能很容易地走出森林。(事实上是现在没有地图) 注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是be的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were. If the world were perfect,how could we enjoy the pleasure and comfort of being successful? 世界若完美,我们如何能尝到创造成功的快慰? 二、对过去情况的虚拟 条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。 If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus. 如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车) 三、对将来情况的虚拟 在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。 If things were to be twice,all would be wise. 假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次) 其他虚拟条件句一、错综时间条件句 有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致,这类句子称为错综时间条件句。 If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now. 如果当时听我的劝,你现在就不会有麻烦了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟,故用过去完成时,而主句是对现在的虚拟,故用“would+动词原形”形式) 二、含蓄条件句 有些句子虽不含条件从句,但意思和条件句相差不多,这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”,这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。 Without electricity,the world would be dark.(=If there were no electricity ,the world would be dark.) 如果没有电,世界将会一片黑暗。 虚拟条件句 1与现在事实相反,从句谓语用动词过去式(be动词一般用were);主句用should(would,could,might) do 2与将来事实相反:从句谓语可用动词过去式,should do动词原形或者用were to do;主句谓语形式也是用should(would,could,might) do 3,与过去相反的事实,从句中用had done;主句谓语是由should(would,could,might) have done 例句上面有,不再赘述分词独立主格结构(一) 独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 (二) 独立主格结构的特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。下面是几个例句 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, ......... Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow=If weather permits, ........ He came into the room, his ears red with cold |
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