“否定句”的意思、由来-中文百科全书

词条

否定句

释义

§ 分类

（1）一般否定句

I don't know this. No news is good news.

There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.

（2)特指否定

He went to his office, not to see him.

I am sorry for not coming on time.

I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.

（3)部分否定

All the answers are not right

All is not gold that glitters

I don't know all of them.

I can't see everybody/everything.

Both of them are not right.

（4)全体否定

None of my friends smoke.

I can see nothing/nobody.

Neither of them is right.

Nothing can be so simple as this.

（5) 延续否定

You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.

You don't know, I don't know either.

He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说） French.

（6) 半否定句

We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.

I know little English. I saw few people.

（7) 双重否定

You can't make something out of nothing.

What's done cannot be undone.

There is no sweet without sweat.

No gain without pains.

I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.

No man is so old but (that) he can learn.

（8)排除否定

Everyone is ready except you.

He did nothing but play.

But for your help, I couldn't do it.

（9)加强否定

I won't do it at all.

I can't see it any more.

He is no longer a boy.

§ 否定转移的形式与用法

一、动词的否定转移

1. 形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上是否定从句的谓语

当动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel的主语是第一人称、谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如：

I think that he will help us. —I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。

I believe that he is right. —I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。

I suppose that he likes it. —I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。

2. 形式上否定谓语动词，实际上否定复合宾语

当动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel, find的主语是第一人称、谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如：

I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。

I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。

I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。

注意：动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情况下，否定不转移：

(1) 这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时，否定不转移。如：

I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。

I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。

(2) 用于疑问句时，否定不转移。如：

Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？

Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事？

(3) 用作插入语时，否定不转移。如：

Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。

Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。

Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。

(4) 动词前有其他副词修饰时，否定不转移。如：

I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。

I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。

(5) 动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。

I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。

She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。

He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。

He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。

(6) 当宾语从句中含的否定为not…at all, not a little, not a few, not enough, can’t help等固定搭配时，否定不转移。如：

I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。

I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好，那么只记单词是不够的。

I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。

(7) 当宾语从句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定词或半否词时，否定不转移。如：

I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。

I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话，那么谁也逃不掉。

I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。

二、语的否定转移

有些句子形式上否定谓语动词，实际上是对句子后面状语进行否定。如：

Let’s not talk about it here. 我们别在这里谈吧。

Don’t read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。

Don’t talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。

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