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词条 弗罗斯特诗精选
释义

图书概要

书名:弗罗斯特诗精选

作者:【美】罗伯特·弗罗斯特

译者:徐淳刚

出品:《不是》出版基金(The Atypical)

开本:32开

字数:50千

版次:2011年1月第一版

定价:31.00元

图书序言

弗罗斯特诗精选·译序

徐淳刚

Robert Frost(1874-1963),20世纪美国最杰出的诗人,作品以朴素、深邃著称,庞德、艾略特、博尔赫斯、布罗茨基等大师都对之有过相当的评价。他的一生,既不幸又充满光彩:有40岁之前的坎坷曲折,后半生的寂寞孤独,又有四获普利策诗歌奖、44种名誉学位和种种荣誉。他常常被称作美国诗坛的两面神,作品和人格遭到攻击,却又始终维持一个大诗人的和蔼形象,又是诗人、农夫和哲学家的三位一体。弗罗斯特一直通过具体的实物、情景写诗,斯蒂文斯说,你爱写实物,弗罗斯特反唇相讥,你爱写古董,这其实是诗人预先选择的精神图式和写作形式,一生几乎没有多大变化。作为以自然方式关注现实的大诗人,他对世界的态度既不像华兹华斯那样充满柔情,也不像斯蒂文斯那样粗壮、强硬,而是显得矛盾、折中,和他的精神导师爱默生一样带有超验主义。他向维吉尔学写田园牧歌,向哈代、叶芝等人学习平淡而富有暗示的语言,但用意更精深,作品常常通过时空反差的形式,也就是具体情境中的变化、对比,从而形成一个个坚固封闭却又极其开放的诗歌文本,简洁地表达出存在的真相,化腐朽为神奇。他喜欢戴着面具写作,崇尚文学的游戏原则,一开始就写得朴素含蓄,第一本诗集《男孩的意愿》(1913)就显示了过人的语言才华。虽然弗罗斯特一直戴着面具写作,但我更愿意将他称为 “一位伟大的徘徊者”。他徘徊在自然和人类、自我和事物、现实和理想之间,像被上帝驱逐的天使一样平静而又苦恼地审视着尘世生活。弗罗斯特幼年丧父,中年丧妻,老年丧子,他的坎坷人生常使他在作品中流露阴暗和悲观,但他更多是想用诗歌这种崇高的艺术形式排遣存在的焦虑和慌乱。他明智而不极端,曾在一首诗中将世界比作自己的情人,于是喋喋不休的吵闹就成为他摇曳的情思和毕生的哲学追求。他非常懂得独特是什么东西。他对现代诗歌的贡献,主要在于果断地拒绝了自由诗体(free verse)的潮流,以个人的兴趣探索出结合传统的抑扬格韵律和日常生活话语、结合古典人文情怀和现代怀疑精神的新诗体 (blank verse),看似保守,实则妙笔生花。在精神的高标和题材的深广度上,自波德莱尔以来的诗歌大师几乎无一人能和但丁相比,但弗罗斯特的探索应该说是走得最自然、最深远的,所以深受世界各国各层次读者的欢迎,在美国更是家喻户晓。弗罗斯特创作的朴素无华、寓意深刻的抒情短诗和戏剧性浓烈、艺术性高超的叙事长诗应该说经得起任何考验,无韵诗、变体十四行、双行体等各种形式的作品都有佳作,和华兹华斯一样堪称体裁大师。他自16岁写诗,一直到89岁去世,半个多世纪笔耕不辍,共出版10余本诗集,主要有《波士顿以北》(1914),《山间》(1916),《新罕布什尔》(1923),《西流的小溪》(1928),《见证树》(1942),《林间空地》(1962)等,在美国文学史上具有独特的地位,在世界文学史上也是一颗璀璨之星。然而,弗罗斯特在中国,如同余光中所说“损失惨重”,因为日常语言性的诗歌经过翻译,精华丧失殆尽。这里选译的几十首诗,表面上是弗罗斯特各个时期的创作精华,却也极有可能仍是以讹传讹。但是,通过它们,我们大致可以感受一位天才诗人的精神世界,一种对人类、对尘世生活的个性理解。它们对于中国当代诗人的写作,应该说依然具有非常重要的借鉴意义。

译家小传

徐淳刚(1975- ),蓝田人后裔。著有诗集《自行车王国》,哲学随笔集《永恒之物与短暂之物》,小说集《共和国》,译著《弗罗斯特诗精选》。现居西安。

图书目录

译序

第一辑:花 丛

牧场………………………………………………………

深秋来客…………………………………………………

没有鸟叫,关了窗吧……………………………………

进入自我…………………………………………………

找水………………………………………………………

花丛………………………………………………………

春潭………………………………………………………

花船………………………………………………………

金色年华难留……………………………………………

歌唱的力量………………………………………………

泥泞时节的两个流浪工…………………………………

苹果收获时节的一头牛…………………………………

忠诚………………………………………………………

袭击………………………………………………………

冬日伊甸…………………………………………………

无人重视…………………………………………………

第二辑:不锁之门

下种………………………………………………………

进来………………………………………………………

沙丘………………………………………………………

密坐………………………………………………………

圈套………………………………………………………

黑夜的知己………………………………………………

黑暗中的门………………………………………………

荒野………………………………………………………

丝绸帐篷…………………………………………………

不锁之门…………………………………………………

布朗下山…………………………………………………

哦,上帝,请宽恕………………………………………

灶头鸟……………………………………………………

潘神和我们………………………………………………

收获落叶…………………………………………………

指令………………………………………………………

见证树……………………………………………………

田夫………………………………………………………

第三辑:白桦树

补墙………………………………………………………

柴垛………………………………………………………

割草………………………………………………………

不深也不远………………………………………………

雪夜林边停歇……………………………………………

未选择的路………………………………………………

出生地……………………………………………………

白桦树……………………………………………………

火与冰……………………………………………………

树在我的窗前……………………………………………

摘完苹果…………………………………………………

一只小鸟…………………………………………………

城中小溪…………………………………………………

闲谈时间…………………………………………………

第四辑:西去的溪水

山…………………………………………………………

蓝莓………………………………………………………

野葡萄……………………………………………………

斧把………………………………………………………

西去的溪水………………………………………………

雪…………………………………………………………

星星切割器………………………………………………

附录

1.翻译的发生应在诗歌的内部(译者访谈录)

2.弗罗斯特年表

图书摘要

牧 场

我这就去清理牧场边的水泉,

我停下来只为将枯叶扒干净,

我或许会等着看泉水又变清:

我不会去太久——你也来吧。

我这就去把那牛娃子牵回来,

它站在妈妈身边显着小得很,

它走路还不稳,妈妈舔着它:

我不会去太久——你也来吧。

The Pasture

I'm going out to clean the pasture spring;

I'll only stop to rake the leaves away

(And wait to watch the water clear, I may):

I sha'n't be gone long.--You come too.

I'm going out to fetch the little calf

That's standing by the mother. It's so young,

It totters when she licks it with her tongue.

I sha'n't be gone long.--You come too.

--------------------------------------

深秋来客

我的忧愁,当她和我在一起,

她以为秋天的这些雨天

在所有的日子里或许最美;

她爱看光秃秃的树木,

她爱走湿漉漉的牧场小路。

她的欣喜,不让我呆在家。

她爱说话,我乐意倾听:

她指给我看鸟儿往南飞,

她欣喜于自己身上的灰毛衣

在粘粘的薄雾中闪着光。

那远处荒凉的树林,

还有褪色的地,阴沉的天,

这些她都看得仔细

她责怪我不懂得欣赏这一切,

边说边用眼睛轻轻瞪我。

我并不是到今天才明白

在雪花飘落之前

秋天的这几个日子有多温暖,

但我把忧愁藏在心底,

回味她的欣喜使秋天这样美。

My November Guest

My sorrow, when she's here with me,

Thinks these dark days of autumn rain

Are beautiful as days can be;

She loves the bare, the withered tree;

She walks the sodden pasture lane.

Her pleasure will not let me stay.

She talks and I am fain to list:

She's glad the birds are gone away,

She's glad her simple worsted grey

Is silver now with clinging mist.

The desolate, deserted trees,

The faded earth, the heavy sky,

The beauties she so truly sees,

She thinks I have no eye for these,

And vexes me for reason why.

Not yesterday I learned to know

The love of bare November days

Before the coming of the snow,

But it were vain to tell her so,

And they are better for her praise.

没有鸟叫,关了窗吧

现在,关了窗吧,让原野安静下来;

如果必须,就让树木悄悄摇晃;

现在,没有鸟叫,如果有,

那一定是我错过了。

在泥泞重现之前,会有很长时间,

在第一声鸟叫之前,会有很长时间:

所以,关了窗吧,别去听风,

看风搅动的一切。

Now close the windows

Now close the windows and hush all the fields;

If the trees must, let them silently toss;

No bird is singing now, and if there is,

Be it my loss.

It will be long ere the marshes resume,

It will be long ere the earliest bird:

So close the windows and not hear the wind,

But see all wind-stirred.

--------------------------------

进入自我

我的愿望之一是那些黑暗之树,

那么古老、坚定、密不透风,

不,它们并不是幽暗的假面,

一直伸展到命运的边缘。

我不该被抑制了;但是某一天

我会悄悄离开,进入它们的广阔,

勇敢地走过曾经敞开的土地,

看到迟缓的车轮撒下沙粒。

我想不出有什么理由应该返回,

人们没有沿着我走过的路

赶上我,在那里想念我

或渴望知道,我是否依然爱他们。

他们不会发现我有任何改变——

只是更加坚信自我的真实。

Into My Own

One of my wishes is that those dark trees,

So old and firm they scarcely show the breeze,

Were not, as ’twere, the merest mask of gloom,

But stretched away unto the edge of doom.

I should not be withheld but that some day

Into their vastness I should steal away,

Fearless of ever finding open land,

Or highway where the slow wheel pours the sand.

I do not see why I should e’er turn back,

Or those should not set forth upon my track

To overtake me, who should miss me here

And long to know if still I held them dear.

They would not find me changed from him they knew—

Only more sure of all I thought was true.

-----------------------------

找 水

门边的水井干了,

于是我们提着木桶和铁罐

穿过屋后的田野

去寻找溪水,看它是否还在流;

很愿意因这样的理由而去,

因为秋天的黄昏这样美

尽管有点冷,而田野是我们的,

还有树林在小溪边。

我们奔跑着,如同去和月亮相会

月亮缓缓升起挂在树背后,

光秃秃的树枝看不到叶子,

没有鸟叫,也没有风。

一旦进入树林,我们就停住

如同土地公公把我们藏在月亮下,

而当它再次发现我们

我们就笑着,跑开来重新躲藏。

我们的手紧紧抓在一起

不敢张望的时候就仔细听,

在我们一起营造的安静中

我们听见了,自己以为的溪水声。

仿佛来自孤独空间的记忆,

落下一阵细微的丁冬声

有时像珍珠,落在池塘水面上,

现在却变成白刀片。

Going for Water

The well was dry beside the door,

And so we went with pail and can

Across the fields behind the house

To seek the brook if still it ran;

Not loth to have excuse to go,

Because the autumn eve was fair

(Though chill), because the fields were ours,

And by the brook our woods were there.

We ran as if to meet the moon

That slowly dawned behind the trees,

The barren boughs without the leaves,

Without the birds, without the breeze.

But once within the wood, we paused

Like gnomes that hid us from the moon,

Ready to run to hiding new

With laughter when she found us soon.

Each laid on other a staying hand

To listen ere we dared to look,

And in the hush we joined to make

We heard, we knew we heard the brook.

A note as from a single place,

A slender tinkling fall that made

Now drops that floated on the pool

Like pearls, and now a silver blade.

--------------------------------

花 丛

有一次,在清晨的露珠中

我去翻晒一个人刚割下的草。

当我看到平整的草茬时,

那使镰刀锋利的露珠已消散。

我曾绕到小树林后去找他;

听见了微风中磨刀的沙沙声。

但他已经离开,草割完了,

而我自然和他一样——孤单。

“反正都一样,”我心想,

“不管一起干还是分开。”

正在这时,一只迷惘的蝴蝶

扇着无声的翅膀迅疾地掠过,

像怀着隔夜的朦胧记忆寻找那

使它昨日栖息的欢乐之花。

起初,我见它总在一处打转,

原来草地间有几片枯萎的花。

然后它飞到我目力所及的远处,

忽又颤颤悠悠飞了回来。

我想着一些毫无根底的问题,

正打算俯身去翻地上的草;

但它先绕到我面前,并把我的目光

引向小溪边一丛高高的花。

那是镰刀唯一放过的,在

被割得干净的芦苇丛生的小溪边。

晨露中割草的人这么爱它,

让它继续繁茂,却似乎既不为谁,

也不是想让谁去注意他,

而是这清晨小溪边纯粹的欢娱。

我和那只蝴蝶在晨光中逗留,

而来自清晨的某种启示,

让我听到周围有醒来的鸟儿啼叫,

和他的镰刀对大地的低语,

更感觉到某种精神上的同一;

我想我今后干活再也不会孤单;

和他在一起,仿佛他是我的帮手,

中午困乏时,就和他在树下休息;

就像在梦中,兄弟般交谈

而我原本并不想和他知根知底。

“反正是一起干,”我心想,

“不管真在一起还是分开。”

The Tuft of Flowers

I went to turn the grass once after one

Who mowed it in the dew before the sun.

The dew was gone that made his blade so keen

Before I came to view the leveled scene.

I looked for him behind an isle of trees;

I listened for his whetstone on the breeze.

But he had gone his way, the grass all mown,

And I must be, as he had been -- alone,

“As all must be,” I said within my heart,

“Whether they work together or apart.”

But as I said it, swift there passed me by

On noiseless wing a bewildered butterfly,

Seeking with memories grown dim o'er night

Some resting flower of yesterday's delight.

And once I marked his flight go round and round,

As where some flower lay withering on the ground.

And then he flew as far as eye could see,

And then on tremulous wing came back to me.

I thought of questions that have no reply,

And would have turned to toss the grass to dry;

But he turned first, and led my eye to look

At a tall tuft of flowers beside a brook,

A leaping tongue of bloom the scythe had spared

Beside a reedy brook the scythe had bared.

The mower in the dew had loved them thus,

By leaving them to flourish, not for us,

Nor yet to draw one thought of ours to him.

But from sheer morning gladness at the brim.

The butterfly and I had lit upon,

Nevertheless, a message from the dawn,

That made me hear the wakening birds around,

And hear his long scythe whispering to the ground,

And feel a spirit kindred to my own;

So that henceforth I worked no more alone;

But glad with him, I worked as with his aid,

And weary, sought at noon with him the shade;

And dreaming, as it were, held brotherly speech

With one whose thought I had not hoped to reach.

“Men work together,”I told him from the heart,

“Whether they work together or apart.”

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