| 词条 | 东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区 |
| 释义 | 概貌东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区 位于湖南省岳阳市境内，面积190300公顷，1984年建立省级自然保护区，1992年被列入“世界重要湿地名录”，1994年晋升为国家级，主要保护对象为湿地和珍稀鸟类。 保护区为我国著名淡水湖洞庭湖的一部分，受长江和湘、资、沅、澧诸水系的水量周期升降影响，形成了水、沼泽、浅滩和低岸等复杂的自然地形。洪水带来的营养物质沉积，又给水生动植物繁衍提供了条件，加之地处中国冬季候鸟越冬和夏季候鸟繁殖结合部，鸟类资源非常丰富，仅候鸟就有158种，其中有国家一级保护动物白鹤等10种，二级保护动物天鹅等27种，为我国及至全球重要的湿地和候鸟保护区。 东洞庭湖是洞庭湖湖系中最大的湖泊，年平均过湖水量达3126亿立方米。常年湖容量178亿立方米，水深4－22m，最大水位落差为17.76m，ph6.8－8.6。它的地貌呈沟港纵横的湿地景观。土壤为湖沼土和河沼土。年平均气温为17℃，湖水年平均温度17.5℃，总降水量1200－1330mm，无霜期258－275天。 该湖有丰富的沉水、浮水和挺水植物。记录到131种水生植物，隶属40科，75属。常见的沉水植物包括苔草、黑藻、浮水植物有莲、芡和浮萍；挺水植物有水烛和芦苇等。湿地周围是稻田和其他农作物。 保护区鸟类名录东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区鸟类名录 编号 中文名 英文名 拉丁名 鸡形目 雉科Phasianidae 1 鹌鹑 Common QuailCoturnix coturnix 2 日本鹌鹑 Japanese QuailCoturnix japonica 3 灰胸竹鸡 Chinese Bamboo PartridgeBambusicola thoracica 4 白鹇 Silver PheasantLophura nycthemera 5 雉鸡 Common PheasantPhasianus colchicus 雁形目 鸭科Anatidae 6 大天鹅 Whooper SwanCygnus cygnus 7 小天鹅 Tundra SwanCygnus columbianus 8 鸿雁 Swan GooseAnser cygnoides 9 豆雁 Bean GooseAnser fabalis 10 白额雁 Greater White-fronted GooseAnser albifrons 11 小白额雁 Lesser White-fronted GooseAnser erythropus 12 灰雁 Greylag GooseAnser anser 13 斑头雁 Bar-headed GooseAnser indicus 14 雪雁 Snow GooseAnser caerulescens 15 黑雁 Brent GooseBranta bernicla 16 红胸黑雁 Red-breasted GooseBranta ruficollis 17 赤麻鸭 Ruddy ShelduckTadorna ferruginea 18 翘鼻麻鸭 Common ShelduckTadorna tadorna 19 棉凫 Cotton Pygmy GooseNettapus coromandelianus 20 丑鸭 harlequin duckHistrionicus histrioncus 21 鸳鸯 Mandarin DuckAix galericulata 22 赤膀鸭 GadwallAnas strepera 23 罗纹鸭 Falcated DuckAnas falcata 24 赤颈鸭 Eurasian WigeonAnas penelope 25 绿头鸭 MallardAnas platyrhynchos 26 斑嘴鸭 Spot-billed DuckAnas poecilorhyncha 27 琵嘴鸭 Northern ShovelerAnas clypeata 28 针尾鸭 Northern PintailAnas acuta 29 白眉鸭 GarganeyAnas querquedula 30 花脸鸭 Baikal TealAnas formosa 31 绿翅鸭 Common TealAnas crecca 32 红头潜鸭 Common PochardAythya ferina 33 青头潜鸭 Baer's PochardAythya baeri 34 凤头潜鸭 Tufted DuckAythya fuligula 35 斑背潜鸭 Greater ScaupAythya marila 36 鹊鸭 Common GoldeneyeBucephala clangula 37 白秋沙鸭 SmewMergellus albellus 38 中华秋沙鸭 Scaly-sided MerganserMergus squamatus 39 普通秋沙鸭 Common MerganserMergus merganser 三趾鹑目 三趾鹑科Turnicidae 40 黄脚三趾鹑 Yellow-legged ButtonquailTurnix tanki 裂形目 啄木鸟科 Picidae 41 蚁鴷 Eurasian WryneckJynx torquilla 42 小斑啄木鸟 Lesser Spotted WoodpeckerDendrocopos minor 43 大斑啄木鸟 Great Spotted WoodpeckerDendrocopos major 44 灰头绿啄木鸟 Grey-headed WoodpeckerPicus canus 45 棕腹啄木鸟 Rufous-bellied WoodpeckerDendrocopos hyperythrus 46 星头啄木鸟 Grey-capped Pygmy WoodpeckerDendrocopo canicapillus 47 黄嘴栗啄木鸟 Bay WoodpeckerBlythipicus pyrrhotis 戴胜目 戴胜科Upupidae 48 戴胜 Common HoopoeUpupa epops 佛法僧目 佛法僧科Coraciidae 49 三宝鸟 DollarbirdEurystomus orientalis 翠鸟科Alcedinidae 50 普通翠鸟 Common KingfisherAlcedo atthis 翡翠科Halcyonidae 51 白胸翡翠 White-thoated KingfisherHalcyon smyrnensis 52 蓝翡翠 Black-capped KingfisherHalcyon pileata 鱼狗科Cerylidae 53 冠鱼狗 Crested KingfisherMegaceryle lugubris 54 斑鱼狗 Pied KingfisherCeryle rudis 蜂虎科 55 蓝喉蜂虎 blue-throated bee-eaterMerops viridis 鹃形目 杜鹃科Cuculidae 56 红翅凤头鹃 Chestnut-winged CuckooClamator coromandus 57 四声杜鹃 Indian CuckooCuculus micropterus 58 大杜鹃 Eurasian CuckooCuculus canorus 59 中杜鹃 Oriental CuckooCuculus saturatus 60 乌鹃 Drongo CuckooSurniculus lugubris 61 噪鹃 Asian KoelEudynamys scolopacea 鸦鹃科Centropdidae 62 小鸦鹃 Lesser CoucalLCentropus bengalensis 雨燕目 雨燕科Apodidae 63 白腰雨燕 Fork-tailed SwiftApus pacificus 鸮形目 草鸮科 64 草鸮 Grass OwlTyto capensis 65 黄脚渔鸮 Tawny Fish OwlKetupa flavipes 66 斑头鸺鹠 Asian Barred OwletGlaucidium cuculoides 67 长耳鸮 Long-eared OwlAsio otus 68 短耳鸮 Short-eared OwlAsio flammeus 夜鹰科Caprimulgidae 69 普通夜鹰 Grey NightjarCaprimulgus indicus 鸽形目 鸠鸽科Columbidae 70 山斑鸠 Oriental Turtle DoveStreptopelia orientalis 71 珠颈斑鸠 Spotted DoveStreptopelia chinensis 72 火斑鸠 Red Collared DoveStreptopelia tranquebarica 73 灰斑鸠 Eurasian Collared DoveStreptopelia decaocto 鹤形目 鸨科Otididae 74 大鸨 Great BustardOtis tarda 鹤科Gruidae 75 白鹤 Siberian CraneGrus leucogeranus 76 白枕鹤 White-naped CraneGrus vipio 77 灰鹤 Common CraneGrus grus 78 白头鹤 Hooded CraneGrus monacha 秧鸡科Rallidae 79 花田鸡 Swinhoe's CrakeCoturnicops exquisitus 80 普通秧鸡 Water RailRallus aquaticus 81 长脚秧鸡 Corn CrakeCrex crex 82 红脚苦恶鸟 Brown CrakeAmaurornis akool 83 白胸苦恶鸟 White-breasted WaterhenAmaurornis phoenicurus 84 小田鸡 Baillon's CrakePorzana pusilla 85 斑胁田鸡 Band-bellied CrakePorzana paykullii 86 董鸡 WatercockGallicrex cinerea 87 黑水鸡 Common MoorhenGallinula chloropus 88 骨顶鸡 Common CootFulica atra 鹳形目 丘鹬科Family Scolopacidae 89 丘鹬 Eurasian WoodcockScolopax rusticola 90 针尾沙锥 Pintail SnipeGallinago stenura 91 大沙锥 Swinhoe's SnipeGallinago megala 92 扇尾沙锥 Common SnipeGallinago gallinago 鹬亚科Tringinae 93 黑尾塍鹬 Black-tailed GodwitLimosa limosa 94 小杓鹬 Little CurlewNumenius minutus 95 中杓鹬 WhimbrelNumenius phaeopus 96 白腰杓鹬 Eurasian CurlewNumenius arquata 97 大杓鹬 Eastern CurlewNumenius madagascariensis 98 鹤鹬 Spotted RedshankTringa erythropus 99 红脚鹬 Common RedshankTringa totanus 100 泽鹬 Marsh SandpiperTringa stagnatilis 101 青脚鹬 Common GreenshankTringa nebularia 102 小青脚鹬 Nordmann's GreenshankTringa guttifer 103 白腰草鹬 Green SandpiperTringa ochropus 104 林鹬 Wood SandpiperTringa glareola 105 矶鹬 Common SandpiperActitis hypoleucos 106 半蹼鹬 Asian DowitcherLimnodromus semipalmatus 107 红腹滨鹬 Red KnotCalidris canutus 108 三趾鹬 SanderlingCalidris alba 109 勺嘴鹬 Spoon-billed SandpiperCalidris pygmeus 110 黑腹滨鹬 DunlinCalidris alpina 111 青脚滨鹬 temminck's stintcalidris temminckii 112 红颈滨鹬 red-necked stintcalidris ruficollis 113 阔嘴鹬 Broad-billed SandpiperLimicola falcinellus 114 流苏鹬 ruffphilomachus pugnax 115 红颈瓣蹼鹬 Red-necked PhalaropePhalaropus lobatus 雉行科Jacanidae 116 水雉 Pheasant-tailed JacanaHydrophasianus chirurgus 鸻科Charadriidae 117 鹮嘴鹬 IbisbillIbidorhyncha struthersii 118 黑翅长脚鹬 Black-winged StiltHimantopus himantopus 119 反嘴鹬 Pied AvocetRecurvirostra avosetta 120 金斑鸻 Pacific Golden PloverPluvialis fulva 121 灰斑鸻 Grey PloverPluvialis squatarola 122 剑鸻 Common Ringed PloverCharadrius hiaticula 123 东方鸻 oriental ploverCharadrius veredus 124 金眶鸻 Little Ringed PloverCharadrius dubius 125 环颈鸻 Kentish PloverCharadrius alexandrinus 126 凤头麦鸡 Northern LapwingVanellus vanellus 127 灰头麦鸡 Grey-headed LapwingVanellus cinereus 燕鸻科Glareolidae 128 普通燕鸻 Oriental PratincoleGlareola maldivarum 欧科Laridae 129 海鸥 Mew GullLarus canus 130 北极鸥 Glaucous GullLarus hyperboreus 131 灰背鸥 Slaty-backed GullLarus schistisagus 132 银鸥 Herring GullLarus argentatus 133 渔鸥 Pallas’s GullLarus ichthyaetus 134 红嘴鸥 Common Black-headed GullLarus ridibundus 135 红嘴巨鸥 Caspian TernSterna caspia 136 普通燕鸥 Common TernSterna hirundo 137 白额燕鸥 Little TernSterna albifrons 138 须浮鸥 Whiskered TernChlidonias hybridus 139 黑尾鸥 black-tailed gulllarus crassirostris 鹰科Accipitridae 140 黑耳鸢 Black-eared KiteMilvus lineatjus 141 白尾海雕 White-tailed Sea EagleHaliaeetus albicilla 142 白头鹞 Eurasian Marsh HarrierCircus aeruginosus 143 白尾鹞 Hen HarrierCircus cyaneus 144 鹊鹞 Pied HarrierCircus melanoleucos 145 赤腹鹰 Chinese SparrowhawkAccipiter soloensis 146 雀鹰 Eurasian SparrowhawkAccipiter nisus 147 苍鹰 Northern GoshawkAccipiter gentilis 148 普通鵟 Common BuzzardButeo buteo 隼科Falconidae 149 白腿小隼 Pied falconetMicrohierax melanoleucos 150 红隼 Common KestrelFalco tinnunculus 151 红脚隼 Red-footed falconFalco vespertinus 152 阿穆尔隼 Amur FalconFalco amurensis 153 燕隼 Eurasian HobbyFalco subbuteo 154 游隼 Peregrine FalconFalco peregrinus 鸊鷉科Podicipedidae 155 小鸊鷉 Little GrebeTachybaptus ruficollis 156 凤头鸊鷉 Great Crested GrebePodiceps cristatus 157 赤颈鸊鷉 Red-necked GrebePodiceps grisegena 158 角鸊鷉 Horned GrebePodiceps auritus 159 黑颈鸊鷉 Black-necked GrebePodiceps nigricollis 鸬鹚科Phalacrocoracidae 160 普通鸬鹚 Great CormorantPhalacrocorax carbo 鹭科Ardeidae 161 白鹭 Little EgretEgretta garzetta 162 黄嘴白鹭 Chinese EgretEgretta eulophotes 163 苍鹭 Grey HeronArdea cinerea 164 草鹭 Purple HeronArdea purpurea 165 大白鹭 Great EgretCasmerodius albus 166 中白鹭 Intermediate EgretMesophoyx intermedia 167 牛背鹭 Cattle EgretBubulcus ibis 168 池鹭 Chinese Pond-heronArdeola bacchus 169 夜鹭 Black-crowned Night HeronNycticorax nycticorax 170 绿鹭 Little HeronButorides striatus 171 小苇鳽 Little BitternIxobrychus minitus 172 黄苇鳽 Yellow BitternIxobrychus sinensis 173 紫背苇鳽 Von Schrenck's BitternIxobrychus eurhythmus 174 栗苇鳽 Cinnamon BitternIxobrychus cinnamomeus 175 黑鳽 Black BitternDupetor flavicollis 176 大麻鳽 Great BitternBotaurus stellaris 红鹳科Phoenicopteridae 177 大火烈鸟[大红鹳] Greater FlamingoPhoenicopterus ruber 缳科Threskiornithidae 178 白琵鹭 Eurasian SpoonbillPlatalea leucorodia 179 黑脸琵鹭 Black-faced SpoonbillPlatalea minor 鹈鹕科Pelecanidae 180 斑嘴鹈鹕 Spot-billed PelicanPelecanus philippensis 鹳科Ciconiidae 181 黑鹳 Black StorkCiconia nigra 182 东方白鹳 Oriental StorkCiconia boyciana 雀形目 伯劳科Laniidae 183 牛头伯劳 Bull-headed ShrikeLanius bucephalus 184 红尾伯劳 Brown ShrikeLanius cristatus 185 棕背伯劳 Long-tailed ShrikeLanius schach 186 虎纹伯劳 tiger shrikelanius tigrinus 187 契尾伯劳 Chinese Grey ShrikeLanius sphenocercus 鸦科Corvidae 188 松鸦 Eurasian JayGarrulus glandarius 189 灰喜鹊 Azure-winged MagpieCyanopica cyanus 190 喜鹊 Black-billed MagpiePica pica 191 红嘴蓝鹊 red-billed blue magpieurocissa erythrorhyncha 192 达乌里寒鸦 Daurian JackdawCorvus dauuricus 193 秃鼻乌鸦 RookCorvus frugilegus 194 小嘴乌鸦 Carrion CrowCorvus corone 195 白颈鸦 Collared crowCorvus torquatus 196 大嘴乌鸦 Large-billed CrowCorvus macrorhynchos 197 黑枕黄鹂 Black-naped OrioleOriolus chinensis 198 灰山椒鸟 Ashy MinivetPericrocotus divaricatus 199 黑卷尾 Black DrongoDicrurus macrocercus 200 灰卷尾 Ashy DrongoDicrurus leucophaeus 201 发冠卷尾 Spangled DrongoDicrurus hottentottus 202 寿带 Asian Paradise-flycatcherTerpsiphone paradisi 翁科Musciccapidae 203 灰背鸫 Grey-backed ThrushTurdus hortulorum 204 紫啸鸫 Blue Whistling ThrushMyophonus caeruleus 205 虎斑地鸫 Scaly ThrushZoothera dauma 206 乌鸫 Eurasian BlackbirdTurdus merula 207 灰头鸫 Chestnut ThrushTurdus rubrocanus 208 白腹鸫 Pale ThrushTurdus pallidus 209 斑鸫 Dusky ThrushTurdus naumanni 210 宝兴歌鸫 Chinese ThrushTurdus mupinensis 211 白眉地鸫 Siberian Ground ThrushZoothera sibirica 212 白喉矶鸫 white-throated rock thrushmomticola gularis 213 白喉林鹟 Brown-chested Jungle FlycatcherRhinomyias brunneata 214 乌鹟 Dark-sided FlycatcherMuscicapa sibirica 215 鸲鹟 Mugimaki FlycatcherFicedula mugimaki 216 红喉姬鹟 Red-throated FlycatcherFicedula parva 217 红尾歌鸲 Rufous-tailed RobinLuscinia sibilans 218 红胁蓝尾鸲 Orang-flanked Bush RobinTarsiger cyanurus 219 红尾水鸲 Plumbeous Water RedstartPlumbeous Water Redstart 220 蓝额红尾鸲 Blue-fronted RedstartPhoenicurus frontalis 221 鹊鸲 Oriental Magpie RobinCopsychus saularis 222 黑喉石即鸟 Common StonechatSaxicola torquata 223 北红尾鸲 Daurian RedstartPhoenicurus auroreus 椋鸟科Sturnidae 224 丝光椋鸟 Red-billed StarlingSturnus sericeus 225 北椋鸟 Purple-backed StarlingSturnus sturninus 226 灰椋鸟 White-checked StarlingSturnus cineraceus 227 灰背椋鸟 Grey-backed StarlingSturnus sinensis 228 八哥 Crested MynaAcridotheres cristatellus 币科Sittidae 229 普通 Wood NuthatchSitta eurooaea 旋木雀科Certhiidae 230 鹪嘹 Winter WrenTroglodytes troglodytes 山雀科Paridae 231 白冠攀雀 White-crowned Penduline TitRemiz coronatus 232 中华攀雀 Chinese Penduline TitRemiz consobrinus 233 煤山雀 Coal TitParus ater 234 黄腹山雀 Yellow-bellied TitParus venustulus 235 大山雀 Great TitParus major 236 沼泽山雀 Marsh TitParus palustris 长尾山雀科Aegithalidae 237 红头长尾山雀 Black-throated TitAegithalos concinnus 238 银喉长尾山雀 Long-tailed TitAegithalos caudatus 燕科Hirundinidae 239 家燕 Barn SwallowHirundo rustica 240 金腰燕 Red-rumped SwallowHirundo daurica 241 崖沙燕 Sand MartinRiparia riparia 鹎科Pycnonotidae 242 领雀嘴鹎 Collared FinchbillSpizixos semitorques 243 白头鹎 Light-vented BulbulPycnonotus sinensis 244 绿翅短脚鹎 Mountain BulbulHypsipetes mcclellandii 扇尾莺科Cisticolidae 245 棕扇尾莺 Zitting CisticolaCisticola juncidis 246 褐头鹪莺 Plain PriniaPrinia inornata 247 山鹪莺 striated priniaprinia criniger 绣眼鸟科Zosteropidae 248 暗绿绣眼鸟 Japanese White-eyeZosterops japonicus 莺科Sylviidae 249 强脚树莺 Brownish-flanked Bush WarblerCettia fortipes 250 远东树莺 Manchurian Bush WarbleCettia canturians 251 黄腹树莺 Yellowish-bellied Bush WarblerCattia acanthizoides 252 东方大苇莺 Oriental Reed WarblerAcrocephalu Orientalis 253 黑眉苇莺 Black-browed Reed WarblerAcrocephalu bistrigices 254 厚嘴苇莺 Thick-billed WarblerAcrocephalu aedon 255 巨嘴苇莺 Radde’s WarblerPhylloscopus fuscatus 256 长尾缝叶莺 Common TailorbirdOrthotomus sutorius 257 褐柳莺 Dusky WarblerPhylloscopus fuscatus 258 黄腰柳莺 Pallas's Leaf WarblerPhylloscopus proregulus 259 黄眉柳莺 Yellow-browed WarblerPhylloscopus inornatus 260 巨嘴柳莺 Radde’s WarblerPhylloscopus fuscatus 261 棕脸鹟莺 Rufous-faces WarblerAbroscopus albogularis 262 黑脸噪鹛 Masked LaughingthrushGarrulax Perspicillatus 263 画眉 HwameiGarrulax canorus 264 白颊噪鹛 White-browed LaughingthrushGarrulax sannio 265 棕颈钩嘴鹛 Streak-breasted Scimitar BabblerPonatorhinus ruficollis 266 红嘴相思鸟 Red-billed LeiothrixLeiothrix lutea 267 灰头鸦雀 Grey-headed ParrotbillParadoxornis gularis 268 棕头鸦雀 Vinous-throated ParrotbillParadoxornis webbianus 269 黑额凤鹛 Black-chinned YuhinaYuhina nigrimenta 270 小鳞胸鹪鹩 Pygmy Wren BabblerPnoepyga pusilla 百灵科Alaudidae 271 云雀 Eurasian SkylarkAlauda arvensis 272 小云雀 Oriental SkylarkAlauda gulgula 麻雀科Passeridae 273 树麻雀 Eurasian Tree SparrowPasser montanus 274 山麻雀 Cinnamon SparrowPasser rutilans 275 山鹡鸰 Forest WagtailDendronanthus indicus 276 白鹡鸰 White WagtailMotacilla alba 277 黄鹡鸰 Yellow WagtailMotacilla flava 278 灰鹡鸰 Grey WagtailMotacilla cinerea 279 林鹨 Tree PipitAnthus trivialis 280 田鹨 paddyfield pipitanthus rufulus 281 树鹨 Olive-backed PipitAnthus hodgsoni 282 红喉鹨 Red-throated PipitAnthus cervinus 283 水鹨 Water PipitAnthus spinoletta 284 黄腹鹨 Buff-bellied PipitAnthus rubescens 285 布莱氏鹨 Blyth’s PipitAnthus godlewskii 286 北鹨 Pechora PipitAnthus gustavi 287 白腰文鸟 White-rumped MuniaLonchura striata 288 斑文鸟 Scaly-breasted MuniaLonchura punctulata 燕雀科Fringillidae 289 燕雀 BramblingFringilla montifringilla 290 金翅雀 Grey-capped GreenfinchCarduelis sinica 291 普通朱雀 Common RosefinchCarpodacus erythrinus 292 黑尾蜡嘴雀 Yellow-billed GrosbeakEophona migratoria 293 蓝鹀 Slaty BuntingSiemsseni 294 白头鹀 Pine BuntingEmberiza ieucocephalos 295 三道眉草鹀 Meadow BuntingEmberiza cioides 296 栗耳鹀 Chestnut-eared BuntingEmberiza fucata 297 小鹀 Little BuntingEmberiza pusilla 298 黄眉鹀 Yellow-browed BuntingEmberiza chrysophrys 299 田鹀 Rustic BuntingEmberiza rustica 300 黄喉鹀 Yelloe-throated BuntingEmberize elegans 301 黄胸鹀 Yellow-breasted BuntingEmberiza aureola 302 栗鹀 Chestnut BuntingEmberiza rutila 303 灰头鹀 Black-faced BuntingEmberiza spodocephala 304 苇鹀 Pallas's BuntingEmberiza pallasi 305 芦鹀 Reed BuntingEmberiza schoeniclus 306 铁爪鹀 Lapland longspurCalcarius lapponicus总记录数为：13目；50科；306种 |
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