在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中作动词、介词的宾语，有时也可以做某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

什么是复合句

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语

由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句(参考例题)

学习宾语从句应注意哪些要点

宾语从句两个“三”

宾语从句与简单句

如何把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句

什么是复合句

复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。主要有状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句。

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语

宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。

1）当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。

如： She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.

她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.

她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.

她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时）

2）当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。

如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时）

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时）

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.

他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）

3）当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时， 宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。

如：The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。

She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

他说光传播比声音传播快得多。

由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句

引出名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

例如：

We don't know whether (if) it is right.

我们不知道它是否正确。

The question is whether she should do that.

问题在于她是否应该做那件事。

Whether it is true remains a question.

是真是假还是个问题。

试比较：

当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时，引出的是宾语从句。

例如：

I don't know if it is true.

我不知道这事是否真实。

当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲，则引出状语从句。

例如：

I shall go there if I have time.

如果我有时间，我将到那儿去。

when，where，why属于关系副词，都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语，其具体用法如下：

1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。例如：

I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。

Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown，is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。

2. 关系副词where引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。例如：

This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。

She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居， 在那里她有几个密友。

3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如：

I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。

That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。

He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。

注意：关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联，两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点：

1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替，其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定，例如：

The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.

见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。

I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.

= I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.

我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。

This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.

= This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.

这是礼堂，医学会议将在此召开。

2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如：

Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school？

你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？

先行词the days表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that.

3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when，where，why，且that常可以省略，例如：

This is the time（when/that）he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

参考例题

[考题1] We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. （2003北京春）

A. which B. that C. whose D. when

[答案] D

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when.

[考题2]The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. （2001）

A. until B. that C. when D. where

[答案]C

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when.

[考题3]It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.（2000北京、安徽春）

A. that B. while C. which D. when

[答案] D

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when.

[考题4] After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. （1996）

A. which B. where C. that D. when

[答案] B

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where.

[考题5]We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， ____ other visitors seldom go. （2002北京）

A. what B. which C. where D. when

[答案] C

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where.

[考题6]I walked in our garden，____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005辽宁）

A. which B. when C. where D. that

[答案] C

[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where.

[考题7] We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （2006山东）

A. where B. that C. when D. which

[答案] A

[解析] point可以理解成地点、位置，其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此下划线处只能填入引导词where。

英语中有这样两种句子结构，一种叫做简单句，一种叫做复合句。简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成，例如：I had a surprise party for Marcia last Sunday. 上周日我为玛西亚举办了一个令人惊讶的舞会。另一种是复合句，有主句和其它从句构成，通俗的说就是一个大句子中包含着小句子，小句子作大句子的某种成分。

在复合句中，作及物动词或介词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。例如：He said he went to the park every morning. 其中“he went to the park every morning”作及物动词said的宾语，那么它就是一个宾语从句。

学习宾语从句应注意哪些要点

学习宾语从句应注意以下一些要点：

一、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。连词that在其引导的宾语从句中本身无意义，不担当任何句子成分，且常可省略。例如：

He says (that) you are not supposed to smoke on the bus. 他说你不应该在公共汽车上抽烟。

二、that引导的宾语从句常接在say, think, believe, hope, wish, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree等动词后。例如：

I see (that) you are always nervous when you make a speech.我看每当你演讲时，你总是紧张。

三、think, believe等表示看法的动词后接否定式的宾语从句时，需“否定转移”。例如：

I don”t think it is a good idea for him to copy my homework.我认为他抄袭我的作业不是个好主意。

I didn”t believe that she made a decision to accept the job.我相信她不会决定接受那份工作。

四、宾语从句的两种时态：

1. 若主句为一般现在时，宾语从句要随具体情况选择所需时态。例如：

I know that Lin Da wasn”t in good health after he fell ill. 我知道林达病后身体欠佳。

2. 若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态。例如：

He said that luckily the rain stopped before we started. 他说幸亏在我们动身前雨停了。

注：主句是一般过去时，宾语从句是指客观真理、自然现象时要用一般现在时。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。

宾语从句两个“三”

一、 宾语从句两个“三”

1. 三种类型

(1) that引导的宾语从句。如:

He said that it was Sunday yesterday.

(2) if / whether引导的宾语从句。如:

Could you tell me if / whether there will be a test next week?

(3) how以及wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。如:

They don’t know what they should do.

I don’t understand why he didn’t take part in the activity.

2. 三点注意

(1) 否定转移。当主句的主语是I,谓语动词为think, believe等时,如果从句是否定句,其否定形式通常转移到主句中。如:

I don’t think it is going to rain.

I don’t believe the news is true.

(2) 时态不变。当主句的谓语动词为过去时态,而从句讲的是客观规律、科学真理等时,从句时态应用一般现在时。如:

The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

(3) “两副面孔”。if和when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。如:

I don’t know if / when he will come tomorrow. (宾语从句)

If / When he comes, I’ll tell you about it.(状语从句)

宾语从句与简单句

含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。现归纳如下:1. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。如:

I want to know how I can open the door.

→I want to know how to open the door.

2. 在某些由疑问词(why除外)引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。如:

Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?

→Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

3. 在某些由that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。

【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。如:

We found that the boy was very clever.

→We found the boy very clever.

I saw that they were playing basketball there.

→I saw them playing basketball there.

如何把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句

一、当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等动词时，宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时可转化，例如：

1、Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

2、We decided that we would help him.

→We decided to help him.

二、当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词时，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，可简化。例如：

1、She has forgotten how she can open the window.

→She has forgotten how to open the window.

注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，可简化。例如：

1、Could you tell me how I can get to the station？

→Could you tell me how to get to the station？

三、当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：

1、The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

四、某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：

1、He insisted that he should go with us.

→He insisted on going with us.

2、The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

五、某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：

1、Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

六、动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。一些find后面的从句可改为 +形容词的结构,例如：

1、It seemed that the boys were going to win.

→The boys seemed to win.

2、I found that it was difficult to learn English well.

→I found it difficult to learn English well.

3、Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.

→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

4、They found that the box was very heavy.

→They found the box very heavy.