鸫科（Turdidae）的鸟类主要是中小型鸣禽，共有60属341种953亚种，中国约18属80种。由鸫、和平鸟、鸲等所组成。体型和生活方式有一定差异，多在地面栖息，善于奔跑，但也善于飞行及树栖，善于鸣叫。嘴多短健，嘴缘平滑，上嘴近端处常微具缺刻。鼻孔明显，不为悬羽所掩盖，有嘴须。翅长而尖，初级飞羽10枚，第一枚甚短小。尾羽通常十二枚，偶尔十枚或十四枚。尾形不一，较短呈平截状，或较长而呈凸尾状。跗趾较长而强健，前缘多数被靴状鳞。幼鸟体羽通常具斑点，成鸟仅每个秋季换一次羽。鸫科除南极洲外世界各地均有分布。

中文学名：鸫科

拉丁学名：Turdidae

界：动物界

门：脊索动物门

纲：鸟纲

目：雀形目

科：鸫科

属：60属

种：341种

亚种：953亚种

英文名称：Thrushes

外形特征

生活习性

保护级别

该科种类

外形特征

鸫科是遍布世界性的小到中型雀形目鸟类，有较强的鸟喙，尾巴通常是中长形，羽色不同，一般较暗，灰色、棕色到黑色，也有颜色鲜艳的一些物种。嘴短健，上嘴前端有缺刻或小钩，善于鸣叫。其中乌鸫和红胸鸲分别是瑞典和英国的国鸟，而新疆歌鸲则是熟知的夜莺，旋鸫和黄褐森鸫，还包括诗歌中提到的蓝知更鸟和乌鸫。地鸫于1828年最后一次出现于皮尔（Peel）岛、小笠原群岛，今已灭绝。鸫（Turdus ulietensis）自1774年在靠近塔西提岛的赖阿特阿（Raiatea）岛、社会群岛发现以来，从此再没有见过，今已灭绝。鸫科包括许多种极优秀的鸣禽，专食蠕虫或昆虫的幼体或食水果 。

生活习性

主要栖息于森林、冻原、荒漠、农田等各类生境中，树栖或地栖性，善飞行，亦善地面奔跑，飞行力强弱不一，鸣声多样，有的悦耳动听。鸫是比椋鸟稍大一些的鸣禽，为著名的食虫鸟类，它们虽也吃一些浆果和植物种子，但主要以昆虫为食，其中有鞘翅目、直翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目、异翅目、同翅目等昆虫及幼虫，兼食蜘蛛、蜈蚣、小蛙等。在迁徙及越冬季节，常集成大群在林间活动，尤其喜欢在草丛中穿行觅食枯枝落叶层内所隐藏的害虫。成群的鸫类对消灭田间害虫地老虎、玉米螟幼虫等有突出的贡献。营巢于树上、地上、岩石洞穴或灌丛中。巢呈杯状，主要由杂草、苔藓、地衣等材料构成。每窝产卵多地4-6枚。

保护级别

全部列入《世界自然保护联盟》（IUCN）ver 3.1：2009年鸟类红色名录。

中国物种全部列入中国国家林业局2000年8月1日发布的《国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录》。

该科种类

（60属，341种）

　中文名称　拉丁学名

1.　乔洛鸲鸫Alethe choloensis

2.　红冠鸲鸫Alethe diademata

3.　白胸鸲鸫 Alethe fuelleborni

4.　褐胸鸲鸫Alethe poliocephala

5.　红喉鸲鸫Alethe poliophrys

6.　小地鸲Amalocichla incerta

7.　大地鸲Amalocichla sclateriana

8.　纹喉鵖Arcanator orostruthus

9.　锈腹短翅鸫Brachypteryx hyperythra

10.　白喉短翅鸫Brachypteryx leucophrys

11.　白眉短翅鸫Brachypteryx montana

12.　蓝短翅鸫Brachypteryx montana

13.　栗背短翅鸫Brachypteryx stellata

14.　卡塔鸫Cataponera turdoides

15.　橙腹夜鸫Catharus aurantiirostris

16.　比氏夜鸫Catharus bicknelli

17.　斑夜鸫Catharus dryas

18.　红顶夜鸫Catharus frantzii

19.　灰背夜鸫Catharus fuscater

20.　棕夜鸫Catharus fuscescens

21.　黑嘴夜鸫Catharus gracilirostris

22.　隐夜鸫Catharus guttatus

23.　黑头夜鸫Catharus mexicanus

24.　灰颊夜鸫Catharus minimus

25.　茶色夜鸫Catharus occidentalis

26.　斯氏夜鸫Catharus ustulatus

27.　乌岩鵖Cercomela dubia

28.　红尾岩鵖Cercomela familiaris

29.　褐岩鵖Cercomela fusca

30.　黑尾岩鵖Cercomela melanura

31.　施氏岩鵖Cercomela schlegelii

32.　褐尾岩鵖Cercomela scotocerca

33.　镰翅岩鵖Cercomela sinuata

34.　山岩鵖Cercomela sordida

35.　特拉岩鵖Cercomela tractrac

36.　须薮鸲Cercotrichas barbata

37.　卡如薮鸲Cercotrichas coryphaeus

38.　棕薮鸲Cercotrichas galactotes

39.　褐背薮鸲Cercotrichas hartlaubi

40.　白眉薮鸲Cercotrichas leucophrys

41.　林薮鸲Cercotrichas leucosticta

42.　非洲薮鸲Cercotrichas minor

43.　沙薮鸲Cercotrichas paena

44.　黑薮鸲Cercotrichas podobe

45.　东须薮鸲Cercotrichas qaudrivirgata

46.　褐薮鸲Cercotrichas signata

47.　橙胸岩鸫Chaetops aurantius

48.　棕岩鸫Chaetops frenatus

49.　白顶溪鸲Chaimarrornis leucocephalus

50.　食果鸫Chlamydochaera jefferyi

51.　晨鸫Cichladusa arquata

52.　斑晨鸫Cichladusa guttata

53.　红尾晨鸫Cichladusa ruficauda

54.　林鸫Cichlherminia lherminieri

55.　棕褐孤鸫Cichlopsis leucogenys

56.　蓝地鸲Cinclidium diana

57.　蓝额地鸲Cinclidium frontale

58.　白尾地鸲Cinclidium leucurum

59.　灰旋木嘲鸫Cinclocerthia gutturalis

60.　红尾旋木嘲鸫Cinclocerthia ruficauda

61.　彩鹑鸫Cinclosoma ajax

62.　栗胸鹑鸫Cinclosoma castaneothorax

63.　栗鹑鸫Cinclosoma castanotus

64.　桂红鹑鸫Cinclosoma cinnamomeum

65.　斑鹑鸫Cinclosoma punctatum

66.　马来宽嘴鸫Cochoa azurea

67.　苏门答腊宽嘴鸫Cochoa beccarii

68.　紫宽嘴鸫Cochoa purpurea

69.　绿宽嘴鸫Cochoa viridis

70.　马岛鹊鸲Copsychus albospecularis

71.　黑鹊鸲Copsychus cebuensis

72.　白眉鹊鸲Copsychus luzoniensis

73.　白腰鹊鸲Copsychus malabaricus

74.　白臀鹊鸲Copsychus niger

75.　鹊鸲Copsychus saularis

76.　塞舌尔鹊鸲Copsychus sechellarum

77.　白顶鹊鸲Copsychus stricklandii

78.　白顶歌鵖Cossypha albicapilla

79.　绿胁歌鵖Cossypha anomala

80.　阿氏歌鵖Cossypha archeri

81.　黄喉歌鵖Cossypha caffra

82.　蓝肩歌鵖Cossypha cyanocampter

83.　南非歌鵖Cossypha dichroa

84.　白头歌鵖Cossypha heinrichi

85.　白眉歌鵖Cossypha heuglini

86.　白喉歌鵖Cossypha humeralis

87.　高山歌鵖Cossypha isabellae

88.　红顶歌鵖Cossypha natalensis

89.　白冠歌鵖Cossypha niveicapilla

90.　灰翅歌鵖Cossypha polioptera

91.　白腹歌鵖Cossypha roberti

92.　卢氏歌鵖Cossypha semirufa

93.　栗腰薮鸲Drymodes brunneopygia

94.　纹眉薮鸲Drymodes superciliaris

95.　灰嘲鸫Dumetella carolinensis

96.　黑背燕尾Enicurus immaculatus

97.　白额燕尾Enicurus leschenaulti

98.　斑背燕尾Enicurus maculatus

99.　栗枕燕尾Enicurus ruficapillus

100.　灰背燕尾Enicurus schistaceus

101.　小燕尾Enicurus scouleri

102.　姬燕尾Enicurus velatus

103.　黑孤鸫Entomodestes coracinus

104.　白耳孤鸫Entomodestes leucotis

105.　日本歌鸲Erithacus akahige

106.　琉球歌鸲Erithacus komadori

107.　欧亚鸲Erithacus rubecula

108.　白眉长颈鸫Eupetes macrocerus

109.　短翅鸲Hodgsonius phaenicuroides

110.　棕林鸫Hylocichla mustelina

111.　蓝顶鹛鸫Ifrita kowaldi

112.　白喉鸲Irania gutteralis

113.　杂色鸫Ixoreus naevius

114.　栗腹歌鸲Luscinia brunnea

115.　红喉歌鸲Luscinia calliope

116.　蓝歌鸲Luscinia cyane

117.　欧歌鸲Luscinia luscinia

118.　新疆歌鸲Luscinia megarhynchos

119.　黑喉歌鸲Luscinia obscura

120.　金胸歌鸲Luscinia pectardens

121.　白尾歌鸲Luscinia pectoralis

122.　棕头歌鸲Luscinia ruficeps

123.　红尾歌鸲Luscinia sibilans

124.　蓝喉歌鸲Luscinia svecicus

125.　斑喉鵖Modulatrix stictigula

126.　安哥拉矶鸫Monticola angolensis

127.　短趾矶鸫Monticola brevipes

128.　蓝头矶鸫Monticola cinclorhynchus

129.　哨声矶鸫Monticola explorator

130.　白喉矶鸫Monticola gularis

131.　栗腹矶鸫Monticola rufiventris

132.　小矶鸫Monticola rufocinereus

133.　南非矶鸫Monticola rupestris

134.　白背矶鸫Monticola saxatilis

135.　蓝矶鸫Monticola solitarius

136.　多色孤鸫Myadestes coloratus

137.　古巴孤鸫Myadestes elisabeth

138.　棕喉孤鸫Myadestes genibarbis

139.　拉奈孤鸫Myadestes lanaiensis

140.　黑脸孤鸫Myadestes melanops

141.　考岛孤鸫Myadestes myadestinus

142.　夏威夷鸫Myadestes obscurus

143.　褐背孤鸫Myadestes occidentalis

144.　小考岛鸫Myadestes palmeri

145.　拉美孤鸫Myadestes ralloides

146.　坦氏孤鸫Myadestes townsendi

147.　灰孤鸫Myadestes unicolor

148.　斯里兰卡啸鸫Myophonus blighi

149.　紫啸鸫Myophonus caeruleus

150.　巽他啸鸫Myophonus glaucinus

151.　马拉啸鸫Myophonus horsfieldii

152.　台湾紫啸鸫Myophonus insularis

153.　辉亮啸鸫Myophonus melanurus

154.　马来啸鸫Myophonus robinsoni

155.　蚁鵖Myrmecocichla aethiops

156.　白额蚁鵖Myrmecocichla albifrons

157.　阿氏蚁鵖Myrmecocichla arnotti

158.　南方蚁鵖Myrmecocichla formicivora

159.　卢氏蚁鵖Myrmecocichla melaena

160.　暗色蚁鵖Myrmecocichla nigra

161.　刚果蚁鵖Myrmecocichla tholloni

162.　拟鹟鸲Namibornis herero

163.　芬氏蚁鸫Neocossyphus finschii

164.　棕蚁鸫Neocossyphus fraseri

165.　白尾蚁鸫Neocossyphus poensis

166.　红尾蚁鸫Neocossyphus rufus

167.　特里斯坦鸫Nesocichla eremita

168.　休姆氏鵖Oenanthe alboniger

169.　黄纹石鵖Oenanthe bifasciata

170.　红胸鵖Oenanthe bottae

171.　塞浦路斯鵖Oenanthe cypriaca

172.　漠鵖Oenanthe deserti

173.　芬氏鵖Oenanthe finschii

174.　休氏鵖Oenanthe heuglini

175.　白顶鵖Oenanthe hispanica

176.　沙鵖Oenanthe isabellina

177.　白冠黑鵖Oenanthe leucopyga

178.　白尾黑鵖Oenanthe leucura

179.　悲鵖Oenanthe lugens

180.　红腰鵖Oenanthe moesta

181.　冠鵖Oenanthe monacha

182.　山鵖Oenanthe monticola

183.　穗鵖Oenanthe oenanthe

184.　索马里鵖Oenanthe phillipsi

185.　东方斑鵖Oenanthe picata

186.　冕鵖Oenanthe pileata

187.　斑鵖Oenanthe pleschanka

188.　红尾鵖Oenanthe xanthoprymna

189.　贺兰山红尾鸲Phoenicurus alaschanicus

190.　北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus

191.　蓝头红尾鸲Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus

192.　红腹红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythrogaster

193.　红背红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythronotus

194.　蓝额红尾鸲Phoenicurus frontalis

195.　黑喉红尾鸲Phoenicurus hodgsoni

196.　摩氏红尾鸲Phoenicurus moussieri

197.　赭红尾鸲Phoenicurus ochruros

198.　红尾鸲Phoenicurus phoenicurus

199.　白喉红尾鸲Phoenicurus schisticeps

200.　暗色石鵖Pinarornis plumosus

201.　黄腿鸫Platycichla flavipes

202.　淡眼鸫Platycichla leucops

203.　白点鸲Pogonocichla stellata

204.　法氏鸲鸫Pseudocossyphus bensoni

205.　马岛鸲鸫Pseudocossyphus imerinus

206.　岩鸲鸫Pseudocossyphus sharpei

207.　非洲地鸫Psophocichla litsipsirupa

208.　吕宋水鸲Rhyacornis bicolor

209.　红尾水鸲Rhyacornis fuliginosus

210.　阿芝鸫Ridgwayia pinicola

211.　白斑黑石鵖Saxicola caprata

212.　卡岛石鵖Saxicola dacotiae

213.　灰林鵖Saxicola ferrea

214.　帝汶林鵖Saxicola gutturalis

215.　白喉石鵖Saxicola insignis

216.　黑白林鵖Saxicola jerdoni

217.　白尾石鵖Saxicola leucura

218.　大嘴石鵖Saxicola macrorhyncha

219.　草原石鵖Saxicola rubetra

220.　印度洋石鵖Saxicola tectes

221.　黑喉石鵖Saxicola torquata

222.　印度鸲Saxicoloides fulicata

223.　杰氏阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia aequatorialis

224.　伯氏阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia bocagei

225.　须阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia cyornithopsis

226.　加贝阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia gabela

227.　东非阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia gunningi

228.　坦桑阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia lowei

229.　尤山阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia montana

230.　沙氏阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia sharpei

231.　山蓝鸲Sialia currucoides

232.　西蓝鸲Sialia mexicana

233.　东蓝鸲Sialia sialis

234.　林鸲Stiphrornis erythrothorax

235.　斯氏鸲Swynnertonia swynnertoni

236.　金色林鸲Tarsiger chrysaeus

237.　红胁蓝尾鸲Tarsiger cyanurus

238.　棕腹林鸲Tarsiger hyperythrus

239.　白眉林鸲Tarsiger indicus

240.　台湾林鸲Tarsiger johnstoniae

241.　桂红蚁鵖Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris

242.　白翅蚁鵖Thamnolaea semirufa

243.　橙尾鹊鸲Trichixos pyrropygus

244.　南美白颈鸫Turdus albicollis

245.　白颈鸫Turdus albocinctus

246.　淡腹鸫Turdus amaurochalinus

247.　白喉鸫Turdus assimilis

248.　白颏鸫Turdus aurantius

249.　科摩罗鸫Turdus bewsheri

250.　灰翅鸫Turdus boulboul

251.　乌灰鸫Turdus cardis

252.　伊岛鸫Turdus celaenops

253.　芝古鸫Turdus chiguanco

254.　赤胸鸫Turdus chrysolaus

255.　黑胸鸫Turdus dissimilis

256.　南美鸫Turdus falcklandii

257.　褐头鸫Turdus feae

258.　栗腹鸫Turdus fulviventris

259.　淡臀鸫Turdus fumigatus

260.　大棕鸫Turdus fuscater

261.　褐背鸫Turdus grayi

262.　纯色鸫Turdus haplochrous

263.　豪氏鸫Turdus hauxwelli

264.　灰背鸫Turdus hortulorum

265.　黑嘴鸫Turdus ignobillis

266.　白眉歌鸫Turdus iliacus

267.　美洲黑鸫Turdus infuscatus

268.　白眼鸫Turdus jamaicensis

269.　棕背鸫Turdus kessleri

270.　罗氏鸫Turdus lawrencii

271.　淡胸鸫Turdus leucomelas

272.　利邦鸫Turdus libonyanus

273.　厄瓜多尔鸫Turdus maculirostris

274.　马拉鸫Turdus maranonicus

275.　也门鸫Turdus menachensis

276.　乌鸫Turdus merula

277.　旅鸫Turdus migratorius

278.　宝兴歌鸫Turdus mupinensis

279.　斑鸫Turdus naumanni

280.　乌鸲鸫Turdus nigrescens

281.　安第斯灰鸫Turdus nigriceps

282.　裸眼鸫Turdus nudigenis

283.　白眉鸫Turdus obscurus

284.　白臀鸫Turdus obsoletus

285.　绿棕鸫Turdus olivaceofuscus

286.　橄榄鸫Turdus olivaceus

287.　黑冠鸫Turdus olivater

288.　白腹鸫Turdus pallidus

289.　非洲鸫Turdus pelios

290.　欧歌鸫Turdus philomelos

291.　田鸫Turdus pilaris

292.　美洲山鸫Turdus plebejus

293.　红腿鸫Turdus plumbeus

294.　岛鸫Turdus poliocephalus

295.　铅背鸫Turdus reevei

296.　灰头鸫Turdus rubrocanus

297.　赤颈鸫Turdus ruficollis

298.　中美棕颈鸫Turdus rufitorques

299.　棕腹鸫Turdus rufiventris

300.　棕背鸲鸫Turdus rufopalliatus

301.　辉背鸫Turdus serranus

302.　石鸫Turdus subalaris

303.　伊岛鸫Turdus swalesi

304.　非洲裸眼鸫Turdus tephronotus

305.　环颈鸫Turdus torquatus

306.　蒂氏鸫Turdus unicolor

307.　槲鸫Turdus viscivorus

308.　穴鵖Xenocopsychus ansorgei

309.　巽他地鸫Zoothera andromedae

310.　黑耳地鸫Zoothera cameronensis

311.　灰地鸫Zoothera cinerea

312.　橙头地鸫Zoothera citrina

313.　科氏地鸫Zoothera crossleyi

314.　虎斑地鸫Zoothera dauma

315.　长尾地鸫Zoothera dixoni

316.　栗背地鸫Zoothera dohertyi

317.　摩鹿加地鸫Zoothera dumasi

318.　红背地鸫Zoothera erythronota

319.　埃氏地鸫Zoothera everetti

320.　橙色地鸫Zoothera gurneyi

321.　斑地鸫Zoothera guttata

322.　黄尾地鸫Zoothera heinei

323.　赫氏地鸫Zoothera horsfieldi

324.　栗顶地鸫Zoothera interpres

325.　绿尾地鸫Zoothera lunulata

326.　黄胸地鸫Zoothera machiki

327.　阿迈地鸫Zoothera major

328.　圣岛地鸫Zoothera margaretae

329.　长嘴地鸫Zoothera marginata

330.　光背地鸫Zoothera mollissima

331.　大长嘴地鸫Zoothera monticola

332.　澳氏地鸫Zoothera oberlaenderi

333.　橙斑地鸫Zoothera peronii

334.　埃塞地鸫Zoothera piaggiae

335.　灰色地鸫Zoothera princei

336.　青背地鸫Zoothera schistacea

337.　白眉地鸫Zoothera sibirica

338.　斑翅地鸫Zoothera spiloptera

339.　新不列颠地鸫Zoothera talaseae

340.　基伍地鸫Zoothera tanganjicae

341.　杂色地鸫Zoothera wardii