词条 | 亚克兴战役 |
释义 | 亚克兴战役 西元前31年 Actium, Battle of 发生于希腊阿卡纳尼亚(Acarnania)的一次海战。此役中凯撒的嗣子屋大维(Octavian,即后来的奥古斯都)击败安东尼(Mark Antony),自此成为罗马世界的统治者。安东尼率领五百艘船、七万步兵驻扎在亚克兴(介于爱奥尼亚海和安布拉基亚湾之间)。屋大维率四百艘船和八万步兵从北部切断安东尼的通讯。安东尼因为陆上败于对手,遂拟决胜于海上,他听从埃及女王克丽奥佩脱拉(Cleopatra)的劝告,调集海军船队出海西行,由女王舰队随后,但在战况正酣时,女王舰队逃遁,安东尼也自率数艘船随之,剩余的船只乃全部向屋大维投降,陆军也在一个星期后投降。屋大维的这场胜利使得他确立了在罗马世界无庸置疑的统治地位。 English: Naval battle off Acarnania, Greece, between Octavian (later Augustus) and Mark Antony. With 500 ships and 70,000 infantry, Antony camped at Actium, between the Ionian Sea and the Ambracian Gulf. Octavian, with 400 ships and 80,000 infantry, cut Antony's line of communication from the north. Desertion by allies and a lack of supplies forced Antony to act. Outmaneuvered on land, he followed Cleopatra's advice to attack Octavian at sea. Antony's larger fleet included his own and Cleopatra's ships. In the heat of battle Cleopatra fled with her galleys, and Antony followed with a few ships. His fleet surrendered immediately, his army a week later. Octavian's victory left him undisputed ruler of the Roman world. 亚克兴是爱奥尼亚海阿尔斯基海湾(旧称阿姆布拉基斯基海湾)出口处的海角。罗马内战时期,公元前31年9月2日,由阿格里巴指挥的奥古斯都·盖约·屋大维的舰队(260艘轻型舰船)在此处给予了马丁·安东尼(170艘重型高舷舰船)和埃及女王克娄巴特拉(60艘舰船)的联合舰队以毁灭性的打击。激战中克娄巴特拉率自己的舰队逃往埃及。不久,遭到失败的安东尼也随之逃走。亚克兴海战的胜利,在很大程度上是由于阿格里巴使用了装备有投掷器和接舷战锚的机动灵活的里不伦型和比列姆型舰船,实施主动进攻战术的结果。在战斗中,轻型舰船显然比不便机动的重型三层舰船优越。亚克兴海战的胜利,巩固了奥古斯都·盖约·屋大维的政权,结束了尤·凯撒的继承者之间30年的夺权斗争。 |
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