词条 | 石灰藓属 |
释义 | 石灰藓属是苔藓植物门的下一类植物,植株多灰绿色,密集丛生。本属约35种,主要分布于亚热带及热带地区。中国记录有18种,为潮湿的钙质土及石灰岩上常见藓类。 中文学名:石灰藓属 拉丁学名:Hydrogonium 界:植物界 门:苔藓植物门 纲:藓纲(hepaticae) 亚纲:真藓亚纲(Bryopsida) 目:丛藓目 科:丛藓科 Pottiaceae 属:石灰藓属 Hydrogonium 主要特征茎直立或倾立,单一或具分枝。叶干时多紧贴,稀卷缩;呈三角状一卵状披针形,或舌形;先端渐尖或圆钝,尖部平展或略成兜形;叶边平直,有时背卷,多全缘,稀近尖部具微齿;中肋粗壮,长达叶尖或稍突出;叶上部细胞疏松,多呈整齐的4-6角形,壁薄,平滑,稀具细疣;基部细胞较长大,呈整齐的长方形,平滑且透明。雌雄异株。苞叶与几同形。蒴柄细长,黄色。孢蒴直立,圆柱形;环带有分化;蒴齿左旋或直立;蒴盖具长尖直喙。常具多样的无性繁殖芽胞体。 发现研究1975年日人K. Saito将本属归并于扭口藓属内,作为一组,即:Sect. Hydrogonium(C. Muell.)Saito但作者认为Hydrogonium之特征显然有别于Barbula如本属叶边多平直而不明显背卷;叶基阔,叶片多呈三角状或披针状舌形;苞叶比一般叶小,且无鞘部分化;蒴齿有时直立而不旋扭;常具多样形态的无性芽胞体。见于上述明显差异,故本书同意Hilpert (1933)及P. C. Chen (1941)之意见,仍将其独立为石灰藓属。 分类1.植物体挺硬,叶片呈披针形······································2 1.植物体较柔软;叶片多呈舌形·····································9 2.叶片先端渐尖············································3 2.叶片先端或疣或少较圆钝·······································5 3-叶片细胞全部平滑无疣·····························3.砂地石灰藓H. arcuatum 3.叶片上部细胞均具疣·········································4 4.叶片呈卵状披针形,扁平展开;叶细胞被细圆疣················2.扁叶石灰藓H. amplexifolium 4.叶片呈狭长披针形,叶先端呈龙骨状弯曲,叶细胞密被马蹄形细疣·········16.东亚石灰藓H. subcomosum 5.叶片中肋不突出叶尖·········································6 5.叶片中肋突出叶尖··········································8 6.叶细胞平滑无疣·······························18.钝叶石灰藓H. williamsii 6.叶细胞具疣状突起··········································7 7.叶中肋粗壮;叶细胞壁相当厚;叶片尖端全缘;具星芒状的无性芽胞体········7.疣叶石灰藓H.gangeticum 7.叶中肋细弱;叶细胞壁薄;叶片先端边缘有锯齿;无性芽胞体缺如·········8.细叶石灰藓H. gracilentum 8.叶片先端较阔;叶细胞较大,直径约7-8μm····················15.暗色石灰藓H. sordidum 8.叶片先端较狭;叶细胞较小,直径约5-6μm··················4.南亚石灰藓H. consanguineum 9.叶片基部特宽,成鞘状抱茎·························1.卷叶石灰藓H. amplexifolium 9.叶基不成鞘状抱茎··········································10 10.叶中肋自叶片先端突出成小尖头···································11 10.叶中肋不突出叶片先端·······································12 11.叶边缘下部背卷;无性芽胞体呈纺锤形或丝状·················12.大叶石灰藓H. majusculum 11.叶边缘下部不背卷;无性芽胞缺如···················13.拟石灰藓H. pseudo-ehrenbergii 12.叶片较宽,呈卵状舌形·······································13 12.叶片较狭,呈披针状舌形······································14 13.植物体较小,高仅0.5-1cm,叶片细胞之胞壁厚·················10.爪哇石灰藓H. javanicum 13.植物体较粗大,高在2cm以上,叶片细胞壁薄·················14.四川石灰藓H. setschwanicum 14.叶片细胞壁薄而柔··········································15 14.叶片细胞壁厚···········································16 15.植物体矮小;叶细胞具明显的疣,叶上部边缘由于疣状突起而粗糙呈细齿状···17.亮叶石灰藓H. subpellucidum 15.植物体较高大(长达4-8cm);叶细胞平滑无疣;叶边全缘无锯齿···········6.石灰藓H. ehrenbergii 16.叶片上部狭窄,先端渐尖··························11.平叶石灰藓H. laevifolium 16.叶片上部较阔,先端圆钝···……17 17.叶片具纵长皱褶;叶细胞平滑无疣或稀具细疣;无性芽胞体缺如············9.褶叶石灰藓H. inflexum 17.叶片平展无皱褶;叶细胞壁上密被小马蹄形疣;具疣细胞构成的线状无性芽胞体····5.狄氏石灰藓H.dixonianum |
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