墙藓属是苔藓植物门下丛藓科得一类植物，该属全世界约50种，主要特点是植物体矮小疏生，石灰岩与钙土藓类植物。

中文学名：墙藓属

拉丁学名：Tortula Hedw

二名法：Tortula Hedw.Spec.Muc.122.1801

界：植物界

门：苔藓植物门 Bryophyta

纲：真藓植物纲(Bryopsida)

亚纲：曲尾藓亚纲(Dicranidae)

目：丛藓目（Pottiales）

科：丛藓科 Pottiaceae

属：墙藓属 Tortula

地理分布

代表物种

种类

地理分布

广布于南北半球的温带及暖热带地区，在高山寒地也有分布．多生于石灰岩及钙质土上。中国以往先后报道有14种，在西南诸省，尤以西藏高原地区种类最多。

代表物种

墙鲜T. subulata Hedw.

植株矮小而粗壮，幼时鲜绿色，老时呈红棕色。茎单一，稀叉状分枝。基部多具红棕色假根。叶干时旋扭，略皱缩，湿时伸展，呈卵形、倒卵形或舌形，先端圆钝，具小尖头或渐尖，基部有时呈鞘状；叶边全缘，常背卷；中肋粗壮，红棕色，多突出叶尖呈短刺状或白色长毛尖，先端及背面有时具刺状齿；稀不及叶尖即消失；叶上部细胞呈多角一圆形，密被疣数新月形、马蹄形或圆环状疣，稀平滑无疣；基部细胞呈长方形，无色，一透明，平滑无疣；叶缘有时具狭长，黄色或棕色细胞构成的分化边。雌雄同株。蒴柄细长；孢蒴长圆柱形，直立或略倾立；蒴齿具矮或高的基膜，齿片32条，呈狭长线形或不规则的披针形，密被细疣，1-4次左旋，稀直立；蒴盖圆锥形，具长喙；蒴帽兜形。孢子小，黄绿色或黄棕色，平滑或疏生细疣。

种类

1.叶中肋较细，长达叶尖即消失········································2

1.叶中肋较粗壮，长达叶尖且突出呈短刺状或长毛状·······························4

2.叶片呈阔倒卵圆形；蒴齿具高的基膜，齿片呈线形向左旋扭················11.短尖叶墙藓T. schmidii.

2.叶片呈卵圆形或卵状舌形；蒴齿基膜矮或无基膜，齿片呈线状披针形，明显旋扭··················3

3.植物体较纤长（高约2-3cm）；叶边仅中下部稍背卷；蒴齿无基膜·············14.云南墙藓T. yunnanensis

3.植物体较短壮，（高约3-5mm）；叶边上下均背卷；蒴齿具矮的基膜·············3.长蒴墙藓T. leptotheca

4.叶先端具短刺状小尖头或细毛尖········································5

4.叶先端具由多列细胞组成的粗长毛尖·····································7

5.叶缘由1-4列细胞强烈增厚，形成明显分化的黄色叶边······················13.墙藓T. subulata

5.叶缘无明显分化的叶边···········································6

6.叶片呈倒卵状舌形，叶边全缘，平展；茹柄短，（长约5mm)················7.平叶墙藓T. planijolia

6.叶片呈长卵状椭圆形，叶边明显背卷；蒴柄细长（长约20---25mm)···············5.泛生墙藓T. muralis.

7.叶片多呈倒卵形，且多平展，叶先端毛尖平滑或疏具细齿，中肋背面平滑·····················8

7.叶片疣呈卵圆形，叶边明显背卷，叶先端毛尖具突出的刺状粗齿，中肋背面也具刺状齿···············10

8.茎短小（长约7mm )；叶中肋突出呈平滑而透明的短毛尖·················6.台湾墙藓 T. nankomontana

8.茎较长（长约20---50mm）；中肋突出呈长毛尖·································9

9.中肋具无色透明，被疏齿的长毛尖；叶细胞呈5--6角形，胞壁薄······，·····4.长尖叶墙藓T. longimucronata

9.中肋具红棕色而平滑无齿的毛尖；叶细胞呈多角状圆形，胞壁较厚··············12.中华墙藓T. sinensis

10.叶片较厚，由2层细胞构成；叶端毛尖呈红棕色，密被粗刺状齿··············2.刺叶墙藓T. desertorum

10.叶片较薄，仅具1层细胞；叶先端毛尖无色透明，疏被刺状齿·························11

11.植株较高大，（高达5--8cm），叶片呈倒卵状匙形，基部狭长成鞘状··············10.山墙藓T. ruralis

11．植株较矮小，（高约2---4cm )，叶片呈卵圆形，基部阔，不成鞘状······················12

12.叶片背仰呈镰刀状弯曲；叶细胞呈多角状圆形，胞壁稍增厚·················9.弯叶墙藓T. reflexa

12.叶片不弯曲；叶细胞呈5-6角形，胞壁薄···································13

13.植株较粗壮；叶先端毛尖上密被尖齿····························8.大墙藓T. princes

13.植株很细小；叶先端毛尖上被疏生刺状齿·························1.齿肋墙藓T. caninems