词条 | 罗伯特·格雷夫斯 |
释义 | 罗伯特·格雷夫斯(Robert Graves,1895.7.24–1985.10.7),20世纪英国著名诗人,作家 平生格雷夫斯生于伦敦,曾在第一次世界大战中服役,之后从牛津大学毕业。他在开罗大学教了一年英语,后来曾一度在西班牙的马略卡岛定居。格雷夫斯从1961到1966年间任牛津大学的诗歌学教授。 作品风格罗伯特·格雷夫斯是20世纪英国文学史上一位极具创新精神的诗人。他的战争诗独具特色,充分展示了诗人特有的才情和睿智. 也写小说、杂文、文学批评和神化研究作品,并翻译文学经典。他最初的作品是一些谴责第一次世界大战对生命的摧残的诗歌。他的自传《向一切告别》(1929年)讲述了他在一战中的经历。 作品小说《耶稣王》(1946年)是一部非传统历史小说。他后来的大部分诗作都是爱情抒情诗。他的古罗马帝国三部曲《我,克劳迪斯》(I, Claudius)、《克劳迪斯神和他的妻子梅萨利纳》(Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina)、《贝利萨里乌斯伯爵》(Count Belisarius)是现代历史小说经典之作,现实主义的表现手法使生活在古代的人物具有亲近感,同时又保持了历史性。 诗歌《火盆旁》(1916年)、《诗集1938–1945年》(1946年)、《诗集》(1959年)、《新诗集》(1977年)。神话研究作品——《白仙女》(1947年)、《希腊神话》(1955年)。随笔——《肩负读者》(The Reader over Your Shoulder)(1943年,与艾伦·霍奇合著)。 Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923. * The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923. * Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924. * Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925. * Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925. * The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925. * Poems (1914-1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929. * Poems (1914-1927). London: William Heinemann * To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931. * Poems 1930-1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933. * Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938. * No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940. * Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942. * Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943. * Poems 1938-1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946. * Collected Poems (1914-1947). London: Cassell, 1948. * Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951. * Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953. * Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955. * Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978. * The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958. * Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959. * The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961. * More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961. * Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961. * New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963. * The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough: Marlborough College Press, 1962. * Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Doubleday, 1964. * Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964. * Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1966. * One Hard Look 1965 * Collected Poems 1965. London: Cassell, 1965. * Seventeen Poems Missing from 'Love Respelt'. privately printed, 1966. * Colophon to 'Love Respelt'. Privately printed, 1967. * Poems 1965-1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969. * Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969. * Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969. * Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969. * Poems 1968-1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971. * The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971. * Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971. * Poems 1970-1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973. * Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972. * Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973. * At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974. * Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975. * New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977. * Selected Poems. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986 * The Centenary Selected Poems. ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995. * Complete Poems Volume 1. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995. * Complete Poems Volume 2. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996. * Complete Poems Volume 3. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999. * The Complete Poems in One Volume ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000. Poems - individual* "The Death Room" The New Yorker 25/50 (4 February 1950) : 35 Fiction* My Head! My Head!. London: Sucker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925. * The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929. * No Decency Left (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932. * The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934. * I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934. o Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935. * Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937. * Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938. * Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940. o Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941. * The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944. * The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945. * King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946. * Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949. * The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950. * Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955. * Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956. * They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957. * Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965. * An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980. Other work* On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922. * The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925. * Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925. * Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925. * Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926. * Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927. * The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957. * Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E.P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936. * A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928. * Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928. * A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928. * Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928. * Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960. * But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931. * T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939. * The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941. * The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943. * The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958. * The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922-1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949. * Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951. * The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954. * The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955. * The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954-1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956. * Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958. * Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957. * Steps. London: Cassell, 1958. * 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958. * Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960. * Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961. * Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961. * Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962. * The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963. * The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak * Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964. * Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965. * Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965. * Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967. * The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967. * Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967. * The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969. * Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968. * The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969. * On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969. * Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973. * In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914-1946. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982 * Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946-1972. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984 * Collected Writings on Poetry. ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995. * Complete Short Stories. ed Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995. * Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion. ed Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000. |
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