词条 | 链齿藓属 |
释义 | 链齿藓属全世界约有36种,在南北两半球的温带及寒冷地区均分布。我国记录有10种,多分布于温带较寒冷的高山地区。 简介学名 Desmatodon 科名 丛藓科 Pottiaceae 属名 链齿藓属 Desmatodon 中文名 链齿藓属 中文异名 描述属31链齿藓属Desmatodon Brid. Mont.Musc.86. 1819. 模式种:链齿鲜D. latifolius (Hedw.)Brid. 植株矮小,疏丛生。茎短,单生,稀分枝。叶干时略皱缩,湿时倾立,常内折;呈阔卵圆形、狭长倒卵形、长卵圆形或长椭圆状舌形;叶边疣全缘,上部有时具细齿,平展,下部稍背卷,有时具明显的分化边缘。中肋长达叶尖或突出呈短刺芒状,或呈长毛状,平滑或具疣;叶细胞较大,排列疏松、整齐,呈4-6边形或菱形,薄壁,或稍带圆形而壁略增厚,背腹两面均密被马蹄形或圆环形细疣,疣不超出胞腔,故细胞界限清晰;基部细胞较长大,呈不规则长方形,平滑透明。雌雄同株。雄生殖苞具棒褪状配丝。雌苞叶与一般叶同形。蒴柄长,直立,旋扭或成鹅颈状弯曲。孢蒴整齐,卵状圆柱形,具环带,成熟后自行卷落。蒴齿具矮的基膜,齿片短而平,呈披针形,常2-3裂,具细密疣,直立或一次左旋;蒴盖锥形,具斜喙;蒴帽兜形,平滑。孢子大,黄色或红棕色,具粗疣。 分种检索表1.叶边全缘;孢蒴直立或稍倾立································2 1.叶边上部具细齿;孢蒴平列或垂倾·····························7 2.叶呈阔卵形;叶细胞平滑无疣····················8.合柱链齿藓D. systylius 2.叶长卵圆形或长倒卵形;叶细胞具疣·····························3 3.叶缘无分化边;叶中肋长不及叶尖,或仅稍突出成小尖头,不呈长芒状毛尖.···········4 3.叶缘具明显的分化边;叶中肋突出叶尖成长芒状························5 4.叶片呈等腰三角状披针形;中肋自叶尖突出成小尖头·········1.细叶链齿藓D. capillaries 4.叶片呈椭圆状舌形;中肋在叶尖稍下处即消失··········6.粗疣链齿藓D. raucopapillosum 5.叶片呈卵形,先端渐尖;叶细胞的疣不规则··············7.北地链齿藓D. suberectus 5.叶片呈长椭圆状舌形,先端圆钝;叶细胞具马蹄形或圆环状细疣·················6 6.中肋自叶尖突出呈长毛状;孢蒴直立···················4.链齿藓D. latifolius 6.中肋在近叶尖处即消失,不突出叶尖;孢蒴平列或垂倾···········5.泛生链齿藓D. laureri 7.叶中肋突出叶尖,具短尖头;叶细胞平滑无疣············10.云南链齿藓D. yunnanensis 7.叶中肋多在叶尖稍下处即消失;叶细具疣···························8 8.叶边先端密被尖齿;叶上部细胞呈多角状圆形,壁厚,具多数芽胞体····3.芽胞链齿藓D. gemmascens 8.叶边先端疏被微齿;叶上部细胞呈4-6边形,壁薄;无芽胞体···················9 9.叶呈狭长卵状披针形,先端渐尖;中肋长达叶尖··············2.狭叶链齿藓D. cernuus 9.叶呈椭圆形,先端圆钝;中肋在叶尖稍下处即消失············9.西藏链齿藓D. thomsonii |
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