| 词条 | 联合国托管理事会 |
| 释义 | 联合国托管理事会成立(Trusteeship Council -- TC) 是联合国实行国际托管制度的主要机构。1945年6月26日，联合国成立托管理事会，负责对置于国际托管制度下的领土实行管理，行使联合国关于除指定为战略地区之外的托管领土的职能。适用于国际托管的土地是第二次世界大战结束时尚未独立的前国际联盟的委任统治地和战后割离自敌国的土地。 机构设置分战略托管地和非战略托管地两种。理事会由管理托管地的联合国会员国、不管理托管地的安理会理事国和联合国大会选举的其他不管理托管地的会员国（任期３年）组成。联合国成立时全世界共有１１处托管地，其中有１０处相继独立。按规定，托管理事会一般每年５－６月举行一次会议，负责审议托管地管理国提交的报告，会同管理国接受和审查托管地居民的请愿书，定期派出视察团视察托管地情况等。以简单多数进行表决，但其决议须经联合国大会通过才能生效。中国在联合国的合法席位恢复后，未参加托管理事会的活动。 发展历程从1965年起，托管理事会只由管理托管领土的美国和不管理托管领土的安理会常任理事国组成。 到1980年11月为止这些托管地区先后获得独立，最后只剩下美国管理下的太平洋岛屿托管地，即密克罗尼西亚。托管理事会的理事名额不是固定的。理事会负责审查托管领土管理国的报告，会同管理国接受和审查托管领土居民请愿书，按期视察各托管领土等。每年开会一次。 1986年11月，美国宣布密克罗尼西亚和马歇尔群岛为美国的自由联系国，结束托管。 1994年，最后一个托管国——美国管理下的太平洋岛屿战略托管地密克罗尼西亚群岛中的部分岛屿独立，至此，世界上所有托管地区都已获得独立或自治，托管理事会的使命已完成。但它修改了其工作规则，在情况需要时还将履行其职责。 Status The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994, with the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1 October 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as occasion required -- by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council. Background In setting up an International Trusteeship System, the Charter established the Trusteeship Council as one of the main organs of the United Nations and assigned to it the task of supervising the administration of Trust Territories placed under the Trusteeship System. Major goals of the System were to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence. TheTrusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council --China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States. The aims of the Trusteeship System have been fulfilled to such an extent that all Trust Territories have attained self-government or independence, either as separate States or by joining neighbouring independent countries. Functions and powers Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of Trust Territories and, in consultation with the Administering Authority, to examine petitions from and undertake periodic and other special missions to Trust Territories. |
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