| 词条 | 古虫动物门 |
| 释义 | § 概述 古虫动物门（Vetulicolia） 据国家自然科学基金委员会２００２年２月１日报道，西北大学早期生命研究所所长舒德干教授等与英国科学家合作，在早期动物演化研究领域取得突破性成果――发现中国澄江化石库中新的后口动物门，并将这一灭绝类群命名为“古虫动物门”。 § 相关条目 古虫动物是一类绝灭的动物类群，仅发现于中国云南澄江的早寒武纪地层。其外形分节，曾被认为是一类独特的节肢动物。2001年，舒德干等在鳃孔的位置发现鳃裂，并把鳃孔重新解释为鳃囊。这样就把古虫从节肢动物中分裂出来，建立古虫动物门，代表具有一个特殊身体构型的后口动物类群。巨型古虫动物俞元虫，还发育有细长而精细的鳃丝，代表古虫动物发展的最高峰。古虫动物门的一些特征，尤其是鳃裂，对于研究后口动物分异的早期阶段提供了新的线索和希望。低等古虫类动物在澄江动物群中的后口动物序列中出现时间最早,这表明脊椎动物的分节特征很可能不是后来独立获得的,而是从后口动物和原口动物共同的分节型祖先那里继承而来的。古虫动物印证了分子生物学和分子发育生物学研究结果推测：最原始的后口动物是一类开始发育出具鳃裂构造的原始分节动物(Holland et al.,1997;Winchell et al.,2001;Gee,2001a,b)。有的进一步认为古虫与海鞘相近（Richard et al.,2007）。绝灭类群古虫动物包括8属9种：楔形古虫Vetulicola cuneatus Hou,1987；长方形古虫Vetulicola rectangulata Luoet Hu,1999，困惑斑府虫Banffia confusaChen et Zhou,1997，王冠西大虫Xidazoon stephanus Shu,Conway Morris et Zhang,1999，宏大俞元虫Yuyuanozoon magnificissimi Chen,Feng et Zhu，2003，郝氏地大虫Didazoon haoae Shu et Han,2001，具腹圆口虫Pomatrum ventralis Luo et Hu,1999，长尾异形虫Heteromorphus longicaudatus Luo et Hu,1999，美丽北大动物Beidazoon venustum shu,2005＝丘疹丘疹古虫Bullivetula variola Richard et al.,2007,串珠古虫Vetulicola monile Richard et al.,2007。现代生物学和分子生物学最新研究表明，现存的后口动物中只有半索动物门、棘皮动物门和脊索动物门3个门类，古虫动物化石的研究表明后口动物还包括现今已不复存在的第四个门———“古虫动物门”。 古虫动物门 参考文献 Chen,A.-L.,Feng,H.-Z.,Zhu,M.-Y.,Ma,D.-S.&Li,M.,2003.A new vetulicolian from the early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna in Yunnan of China.Acta Geol.Sinica77,281–287. Chen Ai lin,Li Hong mei & Zhang xin,2005.The Chengjiang Fauna and the Origins of the Diversity of Animal.Journal of Yuxi teachers college.Vol.21,No.3,13-16 Chen,J.-Y.et al.,1996.The Chengjiang Biota:A Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion.(National Museum of Natural Science,Taiwan). Chen Junyuan & ZhouGuiqin,1997.Biology of the Cheng jiang fauna.Bulletin of the National Museum of NaturalScience,10:11-106. Chen Liangzhong,Luo Huilin,Hu Shixue,Yin Jiyun,Jiang Zhiwen,Wu Zhiliang,Li Feng,Chen Ailin.2002.Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna in eastern Yunnan,China.Kunming:Yunnan SciencesandTechnologyPress.1-199(in Chinese with English summary). Chen,J.,2004.TheDawn of Anima lWorld,Nanjing:Jiangsu Science&TechnologyPublishingHouse,1―366. Conway Morris S,Whittington HB,1979:The animals of the Burgess Shale.Scientific American241:122-133. Gee,H.,2001a.Onthevetulicolian.Nature,414:407-409. Gee,H.,2001b.Deuterostome phylogeny:the context for the origin and evolution of the vertebrates.In:Ahlberg PE,ed.MajorEventsin Early Vertebrate Evolution:Palaeontology,Phylogeny,GeneticsandDevelopment.London:Taylor&Francis.1~14 Hou,X.G.,Early Cambrian large bivalved arthropods from Chengjiang,eastern Yunnan,Acta Palaeontologica,1987,26(3):286―298. Hou,Xianguang.,Bergström,J,Wang Haifeng,Feng Xianghong,Chen Ailin,1999.TheChengjiangFauna:Exceptionally Well-preserved Animals From 530 Million Years Ago.(Yunnan Sci.Technol.Press,Kunming). Hou,X-g,RichardJ.Aldridge,JanBergström,DavidJ.Siveter,DerekJ.Siveter,andFengX-h,2004.TheCambrian fossilsof Chengjiang,China:the flowering of early animal life.Blackwell Science Ltd ABlackwell Publishing Company. Jiang Zhiwen & Chen Ailin,2008.The basic geology and investigation guide book of protected area of Chengjiang Fauna.(Yunnan Nationality Press,Kunming) Jollie,M.1973.The origin of the chordates.Acta Zool.54:81-100. Jollie,M.1982.Whatarethe"Calcichordata"? and the larger question of the origin of chordates.ZooL].Linn.Soc.75:167-88. LacalliTC.Vetulicolians-are they deuterostomes? chordates? BioEssays,2002,24:208~211 Luo,H.-L.,Hu Shi-xue,Chen Liang-zhong, Zhang Shi-shan,Tao Yong-he,1999.Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna from Kunming Region,China.(YunnanSci.Technol.Press,Kunming). Richard J.A.,Hou Xianguang,David J.Siveter,Derek J.Siveter,Sarahe Gabbot,2007.The systematics and phylogenetic relationships of vetulicolians.Palaeontology,Vol.50,Part1,2007,pp.131–168 Shu D.,Conway MorrisS.,HanJ.,ChenL.,ZhangX-L.,ZhangZ-F.,LiuH-Q.,LiY.,LiuJ-N,2001.Primitive deuterostomes from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte.Nature,414:419-424. Shu D.,Conway MorrisS.,Zhang Z-F.,Liu J-N,HanJ.,Chen L.,Zhang X-L.,K.Yasui,Li Y.,2003a.A new species of Yunnanozoan with implications for deuterostome evolution.Science,299:1380-1384. Shu D.,2005.On the Phylum Vetulicolia.Chinese Science Bulletin,Vol.50No.202342—2354. Winchell CJ,Sullivan J,Cameron CB,etal.2002.Evaluating hypotheses of deuterostome phylogeny and chordateevolution with new LSU and SSU ribosomal DNA evolution,19(5):762~776 |
| 随便看 |
百科全书收录594082条中文百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容开放、自由的电子版百科全书。