Phenakistoscope(费纳奇镜）早期的动画装置。在一些国家又有phantasmascope和fantoscope等称呼。1832年尤瑟夫·普拉托Joseph Plateau和他的儿子发明了Phenakistoscope。在同一年，来自奥地利维也纳的Simon von Stampfer也发明了类似的动画装置stroboscope。尤瑟夫·普拉托的主要灵感来自法拉第和Peter Mark Roget的研究理论。

Phenakistoscope(费纳奇镜）

早期的动画装置。在一些国家又有phantasmascope和fantoscope等称呼。

Phenakistoscope 的历史

1832年尤瑟夫·普拉托Joseph Plateau和他的儿子发明了Phenakistoscope。在同一年，来自奥地利维也纳的Simon von Stampfer也发明了类似的动画装置stroboscope。尤瑟夫·普拉托的主要灵感来自法拉第和Peter Mark Roget的研究理论。法拉第曾发明了一种装置，叫做“迈克尔·法拉第的车轮”（Michael Faraday's Wheel），它由两个圆盘构成，工作时圆盘往对方相反的方向旋转。尤瑟夫·普拉托在“法拉第的车轮”的基础上又迈出了一步，把“法拉第的车轮”改造成一种视觉玩具，他后来命名为phenakistoscope。

Phenakistoscope的 运作规则

phenakistoscope根据视觉滞留现象，虽然这个现象在希腊数学家欧几里德和后来的牛顿的实验中已有所认识，但直到1829年，这一现象才由尤瑟夫·普拉托确立起来。phenakistoscope是由两个圆盘安装在同一轴构成的。圆盘被均匀地分隔成16个扇形区，按顺序在每个扇形区内画上舞蹈动作的系列图案。每个图案的边缘均有相同的裂缝，沿盘周呈放射状排列。不同于“法拉第的车轮”，phenakistoscope的圆盘旋转方向是相同的。观看时，让圆盘的图案面面向镜子，转动圆盘，人们便可以在圆盘的背面从裂缝中看见镜子里连贯的舞蹈动作。The phenakistoscope(also spelled phenakistiscope) was an early animationdevice, the predecessor of the zoetrope. It was invented in 1832 simultaneously by the BelgianJoseph Plateauand the AustrianSimon von Stampfer.

One variant of the phenakistoscope was a spinning disc mounted vertically on a handle. Around the center of the disc a series of pictures was drawn corresponding to framesof the animation; around its circumference was a series of radial slits. The user would spin the disc and look through the moving slits at the disc's reflection in a mirror. The scanning of the slits across the reflected images kept them from simply blurring together, so that the user would see a rapid succession of images with the appearance of a motion picture(see also persistence of vision). Another variant had two discs, one with slits and one with pictures; this was slightly more unwieldy but needed no mirror. Unlike the zoetrope and its successors, the phenakistoscope could only practically be used by one person at a time.The phenakistoscope was only famous for about two years due to the changing of technology.

The word "phenakistoscope" comes from Greekroots meaning "optical deceiver" or "to cheat", as it deceives the eye by making the pictures look like an animation. As technology along with popularity increased in the early twentieth century, coin operation was utilized on machines, coining the term "Nickelodeon," which would be later be used somewhat freely to describe events charging five cents or a "nickel."

The Special Honorary Joseph Plateau Award, a replica of Plateau's original phenakistiscope, is presented every year to a special guest of the Flanders International Film Festival whose achievements have earned a special and distinct place in the history of international film making.