非延续性动词

非延续性动词的用法特征

非延续性动词

这类动词也可称为终止性动词、瞬间动词、点动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束。

这类动词有：

arrive/reach 到达 buy 买 close 关

post 邮寄 fall 落下 die 死

leave 离开 go 去 break 打破

lose 丢失 give 给 join 加入

receive 接收 borrow 借 move搬

hear 听到 hear from 收到来信

become 成为 begin/start 开始

finish 结束 marry 娶、嫁

come 来 happen 发生

非延续性动词的用法特征

1.非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他已经死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.

正：He has been dead for three years.

正：He died three years ago.

正：It is three years since he died.

正：Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.

正：He has been here for five days.

正：He came here five days ago.

正：It is five days since he came here.

正：Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

(1)将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→been away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.

I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

4.非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为非延续性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)

6.非延续性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：

误：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here?