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词条 非限定性动词
释义

英语动词有限定(finite)和非限定(non-finite)两类。

句子中的谓语动词(predicative verb)是限定的;限定动词受人称(person)和数目(number)的限制。此外,还有时态(tense )、语态(voice)和情态(mood)等。例如:

① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.

② Jason is giving a public lecture.

③ Who did it?

④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.

在句子中可以施展其他功能的动词是非限定动词;这些动词具有一般动词的许多特性,但没有“人称”和“数目”的限制。 非限定动词分三种: 不定式,分词( the participle); 动名词(the gerund); 分词又分现在分词( the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。例如:

⑥ Helen has a smiling face.

⑦ Your written English is good.

⑧ Smoking is harmful to health.

⑥里的是现在分词;⑦里的是过去分词; ⑧里的是动名词。

非限定动词及其短语,语法功能庞大,涉及下列五方面:

一 当主语

动名词可当句子的主语,取代名词和代名词。例如:

⑨ Swimming makes us hale and hearty.

二 当补足语

可当主语的句子成分也可当补足语。例如:

A good government's desire is serving the people.

What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.

同样的,现在分词与过去分词也可充当接系动词(the linking verb)的补足语。例如:

The witness's evidence is quite convincing.

At long last, John was fully convinced.

三 当宾语

动名词可充当及物动词的宾语。例如:

Janet suddenly stopped talking.

它们也可以成为介词的宾语,但除了“except, but, about, than”之外,介词的宾语多数是动名词。

例如:

I am tired of repeating the same point.

四 当名词修饰语

Don't disturb the sleeping dog.(现在分词)

Can you remove the damaged machine?(过去分词)

The sailors came in a fishing boat.(动名词)

五 当动词修饰语

Walking along the road, he came across a friend.(现在分词短语)

Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.(过去分词短语)

Peter came running.(动名词)

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更新时间:2024/11/17 9:33:32