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词条 Cisco BGP-4命令与配置手册
释义

基本资料

作 者:(美)帕克赫斯特 著,朱剑云,王晓磊 译

出 版 社:人民邮电出版社

出版时间:2011-5-1

版 次:1页 数:316字 数:449000 印刷时间:2011-5-1开 本:大16开纸 张:胶版纸

基本内容

本书是一本清晰、简洁与完整的BGP-4命令文档,以配置示例的方式描述了每一条BGP-4命令的详细用法。这些命令包括路由聚合、自动汇总、路由过滤、负载均衡、邻居配置、路由广播、路由重分发、地址汇总、同步、BGP计时器等,此外还包括通用的show、clear、debug等命令。

本书既适用于大型网络的设计与管理人员、有志参加CCIE考试的网络工程师,还可作为网络科研人员掌握BGP协议的参考手册。

目录

第1章 路由聚合 1

1-1 aggregate-address address mask 1

1.1.1 配置案例1:聚合本路由器生成的路由 1

1.1.2 配置案例2:聚合经过重分发的路由 5

1.1.3 配置案例3:聚合学得的BGP路由 6

1.1.4 配置案例4:利用静态路由执行聚合 8

1-2 aggregate-address address mask as-set 9

配置案例:对不同自治系统通告的前缀执行聚合 9

1-3 aggregate-address address mask as-set advertise-map route-map-name 13

配置案例:以来自不同自治系统的特定前缀形成聚合路由 14

1-4 aggregate-address address mask attribute-map route-map-name 19

1-5 aggregate-address address mask route-map route-map-name 19

配置案例:修改聚合路由的属性 20

1-6 aggregate-address address mask summary-only 23

配置案例:抑制明细路由的同时,通告聚合路由 24

1-7 aggregate-address address mask suppress-map route-map-name 27

配置案例:抑制用来构成聚合路由的部分明细路由的通告 27

第2章 自动汇总 33

2.1 auto-summary 33

配置案例:自动路由汇总 34

第3章 BGP专有命令 39

3-1 bgp always-compare-med 39

配置案例:比较学自不同自治系统的路由MED值 40

3-2 bgp bestpath as-path ignore 44

配置案例:做出最佳路径决策时,忽略AS路径(AS-Path)属性 45

3-3 bgp bestpath med confed 48

配置案例:联盟内BGP MED的比较 49

3-4 bgp bestpath med missing-as-worst 52

配置案例:比较学自不同自治系统的路由MED值 53

3-5 bgp client-to-client reflection 55

配置案例:路由反射器和对等体组 55

3-6 bgp cluster-id 32-bit_id 58

配置案例: 互为冗余的路由反射器 58

3-7 bgp confederation identifier AS-number 62

3-8 bgp confederation peers 1_or_more_AS-numbers 62

配置案例:BGP联盟 63

3-9 bgp dampening 67

3-10 bgp dampening half-life 67

3-11 bgp dampening half-life reuse suppress max-suppress-time 67

3-12 bgp dampening route-map route-map-name 67

配置案例1:路由抑制特性的默认行为 68

配置案例2:配置路由抑制参数 72

配置案例3:使用路由映射来配置路由抑制参数 72

3-13 bgp default local-preference local-preference 74

配置案例:默认的本地优先值 74

3-14 bgp deterministic-med 76

3-15 bgp fast-external-fallover 77

配置案例:演示Fast external fallover|特性 77

3-16 bgp log-neighbor-changes 78

配置案例1:让控制台(Console)记录BGP邻居状态的变更日志 79

配置案例2:在内存中记录BGP邻居状态的变更日志 79

3-17 bgp router-id ip-address 80

配置案例:BGP 路由器ID 80

第4章 默认路由信息 85

4-1 default-information originate 85

配置案例:BGP默认路由的通告 85

4-2 default-metric metric 87

配置案例:为经过重分发的路由分配度量值 88

第5章 BGP管理距离 91

5-1 distance admin-distance ip-source-address ip-address-mask 91

5-2 distance admin-distance ip-source-address ip-address-mask ip-access-list-number 91

5.2.1 配置案例1:修改由特定邻居通告的所有路由的管理距离 92

5.2.2 配置案例2:修改接收自特定邻居的具体路由的管理距离 93

5-3 distance bgp external internal local 94

配置案例:修改外部、内部以及本机GP路由的管理距离 94

第6章 BGP路由过滤 99

第7章 BGP多路径 101

第8章 邻居配置 107

8-1 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} advertise-map route-map-name1 non-exist-map route-map-name2 107

配置案例:通告主要路由的同时,抑制次要路由 108

8-2 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} advertisement-interval seconds 112

8.2.1 配置案例1:默认的路由通告时间间隔 112

8.2.2 配置案例2:修改路由通告时间间隔 114

8-3 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} default-originate 115

8.3.1 配置案例1:设置单条默认路由 115

8.3.2 配置案例2:设置多条默认路由 117

8-4 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} default-originate route-map route-map-name 119

配置案例:有条件地通告默认路由 120

8-5 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} description text 122

配置案例:标识BGP邻居 122

8-6 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} distribute-list ip- access-list-number-or-name in 123

8.6.1 配置案例1:阻挡特定的路由 123

8.6.2 配置案例2:放行一条特定的路由,阻挡其他所有路由 126

8.6.3 配置案例3:放行聚合路由,阻挡明细路由 126

8-7 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} distribute-list ip- access-list-number-or-name out 128

8.7.1 配置案例1:阻挡特定的路由 129

8.7.2 配置案例2:放行特定的路由,阻挡其他所有路由 131

8.7.3 配置案例3:放行聚合路由,阻挡明细路由 131

8-8 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} ebgp-multihop 133

8-9 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} ebgp-multihop maximum-hop-count 133

配置案例:非直连的EBGP邻居 134

8-10 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list as-path-list-number in 135

8.10.1 配置案例1:阻挡源自特定AS的路由 136

8.10.2 配置案例:阻挡AS 3生成的路由,但是放行途经AS 3的路由 139

8.10.3 配置案例3:阻挡所有包含了AS路径号3的路由 141

8.10.4 配置案例4:阻挡由直连EBGP邻居生成的路由 142

8-11 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list as-path-list-number out 144

8.11.1 配置案例1:阻当由特定AS生成的路由 144

8.11.2 配置案例2:阻挡AS 3生成的路由,但放行途径AS 3的路由 147

8.11.3 配置案例3:阻塞所有包含了AS路径号3的路由 149

8.11.4 配置案例4:阻挡由直连EBGP邻居生成的路由 150

8-12 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list as-path-list-number weight weight 152

配置案例:为生成自特定AS的路由设置权重(weight) 152

8-13 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit 156

8-14 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit warning-only 156

8-15 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit threshold-value 156

8-16 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit threshold-value warning-only 156

配置案例:控制学自BGP邻居的最多前缀数 156

8-17 neighbor { ip-address | peer-group-name } next-hop-self 160

配置案例:设置所通告前缀的下一跳信息 160

8-18 neighbor { ip-address | peer-group-name } password password 162

配置案例:在BGP对等体之间启用TCP连接的MD5认证 163

8-19 neighbor peer-group-name peer-group 164

8-20 neighbor ip-address peer-group peer-group-name 164

配置案例:创建对等体组 164

8-21 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-list-name in 166

8.21.1 配置案例1:放行聚合路由,阻挡明细路由 167

8.21.2 配置案例2:接受精确前缀,阻挡聚合前缀 170

8-22 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-list-name out 171

8.22.1 配置案例1:放行聚合路由的同时,阻挡明细路由 172

8.22.2 配置案例2:放行精确前缀,阻挡聚合前缀 175

8-23 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as number 176

8.23.1 配置案例1:EBGP邻居 176

8.23.2 配置案例2:IBGP邻居 178

8-24 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remove-private-as 179

配置案例:从通告给邻居(或对等体组中的成员)的路由更新中剔除私有AS号 179

8-25 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-map route-map-name in 181

8.25.1 配置案例1:利用IP标准访问列表行使基本的路由过滤功能 182

8.25.2 配置案例2:利用IP扩展访问列表行使基本的路由过滤功能 183

8.25.3 配置案例3:操纵基本的BGP属性 184

8.25.4 配置案例4:选择性地操纵BGP属性 185

8.25.5 配置案例5:根据AS路径信息执行过滤 186

8-26 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-map route-map-name out 187

8.26.1 配置案例1:利用IP标准访问列表行使基本的路由过滤功能 188

8.26.2 配置案例2:操纵AS路径信息 189

8.26.3 配置案例3:为选定的路由追加AS信息 190

8.26.4 配置案例4:修改COMMUNITY属性 191

8-27 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-reflector-client 194

8.27.1 配置案例1:单台路由反射器 194

8.27.2 配置案例2:多路由反射器 197

8-28 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} send-community 199

配置案例:NO-EXPORT团体值 199

8-29 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} shutdown 201

配置案例:管理性地断开BGP对话 202

8-30 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} soft-reconfiguration inbound 202

配置案例:针对特定的邻居设置inbound软重配特性 203

8-31 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} timers keepalive holdtime 204

配置案例:更改保活时间和保持时间值 204

8-32 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} unsuppress-map route-map-name 205

配置案例:使用反抑制映射,有选择的通告路由 205

8-33 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} update-source interface-name 207

配置案例:使用loopback接口增强网络的稳定性 208

8-34 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} version version-number 210

配置案例:锁定邻居BGP的版本 211

8-35 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} weight default-weight 212

配置案例:设置路由器本机的路由权重值 212

第9章 路由通告 215

9-1 network ip-address 215

9-2 network ip-address mask network-mask 215

9.2.1 配置案例1:直连网络 216

9.2.2 配置案例2:使用静态路由执行路由聚合 217

9-3 network ip-address backdoor 218

9-4 network ip-address mask network-mask backdoor 218

配置案例:通过管理距离发现最佳路由 219

9-5 network ip-address route-map route-map-name 221

9-6 network ip-address mask network-mask route-map route-map-name 221

9-7 network ip-address weight weight 222

9-8 network ip-address mask network-mask weight weight 222

第10章 路由重分发 225

10-1 redistribute protocol 225

配置案例:将直连、静态和EIGRP学得的路由重分发进BGP 225

10-2 redistribute protocol metric metric 230

配置案例:将直连、静态和EIGRP学得的路由重分发进BGP 230

10-3 redistribute protocol route-map route-map-name 234

10-4 redistribute protocol route-map route-map-name metric metric 234

配置案例:选择性地将直连、静态和EIGRP学得的路由重分发进BGP 235

10-5 redistribute protocol weight weight 239

第11章 地址汇总 241

第12章 同步 243

第13章 BGP计时器 249

第14章 BGP show命令 253

14-1 show ip bgp 253

14-2 show ip bgp | begin line 253

14-3 show ip bgp | exclude line 253

14-4 show ip bgp | include line 253

配置案例:显示BGP路由表 253

14-5 show ip bgp prefix 255

配置案例:显示BGP路由表中的精确前缀 255

14-6 show ip bgp prefix mask 255

14-7 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length 255

配置案例:显示本地BGP路由表中具有特定掩码的精确前缀 255

14-8 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes 256

14-9 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes 256

配置案例:显示BGP路由表中掩码长度长于或等于命令中所指定掩码的特定前缀 256

14-10 show ip bgp prefix | begin line 257

14-11 show ip bgp prefix | exclude line 257

14-12 show ip bgp prefix | include line 257

14-13 show ip bgp prefix mask | begin line 257

14-14 show ip bgp prefix mask | exclude line 257

14-15 show ip bgp prefix mask | include line 257

14-16 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length | begin line 258

14-17 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length | exclude line 258

14-18 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length | include line 258

14-19 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes | begin line 258

14-20 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes | exclude line 258

14-21 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes | include line 258

14-22 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes | begin line 258

14-23 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes | exclude line 258

14-24 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes | include line 258

配置案例:使用输出修饰符显示BGP路由表中的特定前缀 258

14-25 show ip bgp cidr-only 259

14-26 show ip bgp cidr-only | begin line 259

14-27 show ip bgp cidr-only | exclude line 259

14-28 show ip bgp cidr-only | include line 259

配置案例 显示具有原生态掩码的BGP前缀 260

14-29 show ip bgp community community-number(s) 260

14-30 show ip bgp community community-number(s) exact-match 260

14-31 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | begin line 260

14-32 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | exclude line 260

14-33 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | include line 260

14-34 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | begin line exact-match 260

14-35 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | exclude line exact-match 261

14-36 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | include line exact-match 261

配置案例:显示隶属于特定团体的BGP前缀 261

14-37 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number 261

14-38 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number | begin line 261

14-39 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number | exclude line 261

14-40 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number | include line 261

14-41 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact match 261

14-42 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact-match | begin line 262

14-43 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact-match | exclude line 262

14-44 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact-match | include line 262

配置案例:使用团体列表显示隶属于特定团体的BGP前缀 262

14-45 show ip bgp dampened-paths 262

14-46 show ip bgp dampened-paths | begin line 262

14-47 show ip bgp dampened-paths | exclude line 262

14-48 show ip bgp dampened-paths | include line 262

配置案例:显示受BGP路由抑制特性抑制的前缀 263

14-49 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list 263

14-50 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list | begin line 263

14-51 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list | exclude line 263

14-52 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list | include line 263

配置案例:显示匹配指定AS路径访问列表,且受BGP路由抑制特性抑制的前缀 263

14-53 show ip bgp flap-statistics 264

14-54 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length 264

14-55 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes 264

14-56 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes | begin regular-expression 264

14-57 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes | exclude regular-expression 264

14-58 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes | include regular-expression 264

14-59 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length | begin regular-expression 264

14-60 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length | exclude regular-expression 264

14-61 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length | include regular-expression 264

14-62 show ip bgp flap- statistics prefix 264

14-63 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix | begin regular-expression 264

14-64 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix | exclude regular-expression 265

14-65 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix | include regular-expression 265

14-66 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask 265

14-67 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask | begin regular-expression 265

14-68 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask | exclude regular-expression 265

14-69 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask | include regular-expression 265

14-70 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes 265

14-71 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes | begin regular-expression 265

14-72 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes | exclude regular-expression 265

14-73 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes | include regular-expression 265

14-74 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number 265

14-75 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number | begin regular-expression 265

14-76 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number | exclude regular-expression 266

14-77 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number | include regular-expression 266

14-78 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line 266

14-79 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line | begin regular-expression 266

14-80 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line | excl-ude regular-expression 266

14-81 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line | include regular-expression 266

14-82 show ip bgp flap-statistics regexp regular-expression 266

14-83 show ip bgp flap-statistics | begin regular-expression 266

14-84 show ip bgp flap-statistics | exclude regular-expression 266

14-85 show ip bgp flap-statistics | include regular-expression 266

配置案例:显示BGP翻动统计信息 267

14-86 show ip bgp inconsistent-as 268

14-87 show ip bgp inconsistent-as | begin line 268

14-88 show ip bgp inconsistent-as | exclude line 268

14-89 show ip bgp inconsistent-as | include line 268

配置案例:显示起源AS不一致的BGP路由 268

14-90 show ip bgp neighbors 268

14-91 show ip bgp neighbors | begin line 268

14-92 show ip bgp neighbors | exclude line 268

14-93 show ip bgp neighbors | include line 268

14-94 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address advertised-routes 268

14-95 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address dampened-routes 268

14-96 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address flap-statistics 269

14-97 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address paths 269

14-98 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address paths line 269

14-99 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address received-routes 269

14-100 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address routes 269

配置案例:显示特定BGP邻居的信息 269

14-101 show ip bgp paths 273

14-102 show ip bgp paths line 273

14-103 show ip bgp paths line 273

14-104 show ip bgp paths line 273

14-105 show ip bgp paths | begin line 273

14-106 show ip bgp paths | exclude line 273

14-107 show ip bgp paths | include line 273

配置案例:显示BGP路径信息 273

14-108 show ip bgp peer-group 274

14-109 show ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name 274

14-110 show ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name summary 274

配置案例:显示BGP对等体组的信息 274

14-111 show ip bgp summary 274

14-112 show ip bgp summary | begin line 274

14-113 show ip bgp summary | exclude line 274

14-114 show ip bgp summary | include line 274

配置案例:显示所有BGP连接的汇总信息 274

第15章 BGP clear命令 277

15-1 clear ip bgp * 277

15-2 clear ip bgp * soft 277

15-3 clear ip bgp * soft in 277

15-4 clear ip bgp * soft out 277

15-5 clear ip bgp * soft in out 277

15-6 clear ip bgp AS-number 277

15-7 clear ip bgp AS-number soft 277

15-8 clear ip bgp AS-number soft in 277

15-9 clear ip bgp AS-number soft out 277

15-10 clear ip bgp AS-number soft in out 277

15-11 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address 277

15-12 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft 277

15-13 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft in 278

15-14 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft out 278

15-15 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft in out 278

15-16 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name 278

15-17 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft 278

15-18 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft in 278

15-19 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft out 278

15-20 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft in out 278

15-21 clear ip bgp dampening 279

15-22 clear ip bgp dampening prefix mask 279

15-23 clear ip bgp flap-statistics 279

15-24 clear ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask 279

15-25 clear ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number 279

15-26 clear ip bgp flap-statistics regexp regular-expression 279

15-27 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address flap-statistics 279

第16章 BGP debug命令 281

16-1 debug ip bgp 281

配置案例 281

16-2 debug ip bgp neighbor-ip-address updates 282

16-3 debug ip bgp neighbor-ip-address updates access-list-number 282

16.3.1 配置案例1:对接收自/发送到特定邻居的所有路由更新执行debug操作 282

16.3.2 配置案例2:对接收自和/或发送到特定邻居的特定路由更新执行debug操作 284

16-4 debug ip bgp dampening 285

16-5 debug ip bgp dampening access-list-number 285

配置案例:调试所有BGP路由抑制事件 285

16-6 debug ip bgp events 286

配置案例:对邻居关系建立(formation)过程中的事件进行调试 286

16-7 debug ip bgp keepalives 287

配置案例:调试BGP保活消息 287

16-8 debug ip bgp in neighbor-ip-address updates 287

16-9 debug ip bgp in neighbor-ip-address updates access-list-number 287

16-10 debug ip bgp out neighbor-ip-address updates 287

16-11 debug ip bgp out neighbor-ip-address updates access-list-number 287

16-12 debug ip bgp updates 287

16-13 debug ip bgp updates in 288

16-14 debug ip bgp updates out 288

16-15 debug ip bgp updates access-list-number 288

16-16 debug ip bgp updates access-list-number in 288

16-17 debug ip bgp updates access-list-number out 288

16.17.1 配置案例1:调试所有BGP更新 288

16.17.2 配置案例2:调试收到的路由更新 289

16.17.3 配置案例3:调试发往所有BGP邻居的特定出站路由更新 290

16.17.4 配置案例4:调试接收自某特定BGP邻居的特定出站路由更新 290

附录A RFC 1771:边界网关协议4 293

附录B 正则表达式 305

附录C 路由映射逻辑 309

随便看

 

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