词条 | Cisco BGP-4命令与配置手册 |
释义 | 基本资料作 者:(美)帕克赫斯特 著,朱剑云,王晓磊 译 出 版 社:人民邮电出版社 出版时间:2011-5-1 版 次:1页 数:316字 数:449000 印刷时间:2011-5-1开 本:大16开纸 张:胶版纸 基本内容本书是一本清晰、简洁与完整的BGP-4命令文档,以配置示例的方式描述了每一条BGP-4命令的详细用法。这些命令包括路由聚合、自动汇总、路由过滤、负载均衡、邻居配置、路由广播、路由重分发、地址汇总、同步、BGP计时器等,此外还包括通用的show、clear、debug等命令。 本书既适用于大型网络的设计与管理人员、有志参加CCIE考试的网络工程师,还可作为网络科研人员掌握BGP协议的参考手册。 目录第1章 路由聚合 1 1-1 aggregate-address address mask 1 1.1.1 配置案例1:聚合本路由器生成的路由 1 1.1.2 配置案例2:聚合经过重分发的路由 5 1.1.3 配置案例3:聚合学得的BGP路由 6 1.1.4 配置案例4:利用静态路由执行聚合 8 1-2 aggregate-address address mask as-set 9 配置案例:对不同自治系统通告的前缀执行聚合 9 1-3 aggregate-address address mask as-set advertise-map route-map-name 13 配置案例:以来自不同自治系统的特定前缀形成聚合路由 14 1-4 aggregate-address address mask attribute-map route-map-name 19 1-5 aggregate-address address mask route-map route-map-name 19 配置案例:修改聚合路由的属性 20 1-6 aggregate-address address mask summary-only 23 配置案例:抑制明细路由的同时,通告聚合路由 24 1-7 aggregate-address address mask suppress-map route-map-name 27 配置案例:抑制用来构成聚合路由的部分明细路由的通告 27 第2章 自动汇总 33 2.1 auto-summary 33 配置案例:自动路由汇总 34 第3章 BGP专有命令 39 3-1 bgp always-compare-med 39 配置案例:比较学自不同自治系统的路由MED值 40 3-2 bgp bestpath as-path ignore 44 配置案例:做出最佳路径决策时,忽略AS路径(AS-Path)属性 45 3-3 bgp bestpath med confed 48 配置案例:联盟内BGP MED的比较 49 3-4 bgp bestpath med missing-as-worst 52 配置案例:比较学自不同自治系统的路由MED值 53 3-5 bgp client-to-client reflection 55 配置案例:路由反射器和对等体组 55 3-6 bgp cluster-id 32-bit_id 58 配置案例: 互为冗余的路由反射器 58 3-7 bgp confederation identifier AS-number 62 3-8 bgp confederation peers 1_or_more_AS-numbers 62 配置案例:BGP联盟 63 3-9 bgp dampening 67 3-10 bgp dampening half-life 67 3-11 bgp dampening half-life reuse suppress max-suppress-time 67 3-12 bgp dampening route-map route-map-name 67 配置案例1:路由抑制特性的默认行为 68 配置案例2:配置路由抑制参数 72 配置案例3:使用路由映射来配置路由抑制参数 72 3-13 bgp default local-preference local-preference 74 配置案例:默认的本地优先值 74 3-14 bgp deterministic-med 76 3-15 bgp fast-external-fallover 77 配置案例:演示Fast external fallover|特性 77 3-16 bgp log-neighbor-changes 78 配置案例1:让控制台(Console)记录BGP邻居状态的变更日志 79 配置案例2:在内存中记录BGP邻居状态的变更日志 79 3-17 bgp router-id ip-address 80 配置案例:BGP 路由器ID 80 第4章 默认路由信息 85 4-1 default-information originate 85 配置案例:BGP默认路由的通告 85 4-2 default-metric metric 87 配置案例:为经过重分发的路由分配度量值 88 第5章 BGP管理距离 91 5-1 distance admin-distance ip-source-address ip-address-mask 91 5-2 distance admin-distance ip-source-address ip-address-mask ip-access-list-number 91 5.2.1 配置案例1:修改由特定邻居通告的所有路由的管理距离 92 5.2.2 配置案例2:修改接收自特定邻居的具体路由的管理距离 93 5-3 distance bgp external internal local 94 配置案例:修改外部、内部以及本机GP路由的管理距离 94 第6章 BGP路由过滤 99 第7章 BGP多路径 101 第8章 邻居配置 107 8-1 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} advertise-map route-map-name1 non-exist-map route-map-name2 107 配置案例:通告主要路由的同时,抑制次要路由 108 8-2 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} advertisement-interval seconds 112 8.2.1 配置案例1:默认的路由通告时间间隔 112 8.2.2 配置案例2:修改路由通告时间间隔 114 8-3 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} default-originate 115 8.3.1 配置案例1:设置单条默认路由 115 8.3.2 配置案例2:设置多条默认路由 117 8-4 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} default-originate route-map route-map-name 119 配置案例:有条件地通告默认路由 120 8-5 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} description text 122 配置案例:标识BGP邻居 122 8-6 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} distribute-list ip- access-list-number-or-name in 123 8.6.1 配置案例1:阻挡特定的路由 123 8.6.2 配置案例2:放行一条特定的路由,阻挡其他所有路由 126 8.6.3 配置案例3:放行聚合路由,阻挡明细路由 126 8-7 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} distribute-list ip- access-list-number-or-name out 128 8.7.1 配置案例1:阻挡特定的路由 129 8.7.2 配置案例2:放行特定的路由,阻挡其他所有路由 131 8.7.3 配置案例3:放行聚合路由,阻挡明细路由 131 8-8 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} ebgp-multihop 133 8-9 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} ebgp-multihop maximum-hop-count 133 配置案例:非直连的EBGP邻居 134 8-10 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list as-path-list-number in 135 8.10.1 配置案例1:阻挡源自特定AS的路由 136 8.10.2 配置案例:阻挡AS 3生成的路由,但是放行途经AS 3的路由 139 8.10.3 配置案例3:阻挡所有包含了AS路径号3的路由 141 8.10.4 配置案例4:阻挡由直连EBGP邻居生成的路由 142 8-11 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list as-path-list-number out 144 8.11.1 配置案例1:阻当由特定AS生成的路由 144 8.11.2 配置案例2:阻挡AS 3生成的路由,但放行途径AS 3的路由 147 8.11.3 配置案例3:阻塞所有包含了AS路径号3的路由 149 8.11.4 配置案例4:阻挡由直连EBGP邻居生成的路由 150 8-12 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list as-path-list-number weight weight 152 配置案例:为生成自特定AS的路由设置权重(weight) 152 8-13 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit 156 8-14 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit warning-only 156 8-15 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit threshold-value 156 8-16 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} maximum-prefix prefix-limit threshold-value warning-only 156 配置案例:控制学自BGP邻居的最多前缀数 156 8-17 neighbor { ip-address | peer-group-name } next-hop-self 160 配置案例:设置所通告前缀的下一跳信息 160 8-18 neighbor { ip-address | peer-group-name } password password 162 配置案例:在BGP对等体之间启用TCP连接的MD5认证 163 8-19 neighbor peer-group-name peer-group 164 8-20 neighbor ip-address peer-group peer-group-name 164 配置案例:创建对等体组 164 8-21 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-list-name in 166 8.21.1 配置案例1:放行聚合路由,阻挡明细路由 167 8.21.2 配置案例2:接受精确前缀,阻挡聚合前缀 170 8-22 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-list-name out 171 8.22.1 配置案例1:放行聚合路由的同时,阻挡明细路由 172 8.22.2 配置案例2:放行精确前缀,阻挡聚合前缀 175 8-23 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as number 176 8.23.1 配置案例1:EBGP邻居 176 8.23.2 配置案例2:IBGP邻居 178 8-24 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remove-private-as 179 配置案例:从通告给邻居(或对等体组中的成员)的路由更新中剔除私有AS号 179 8-25 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-map route-map-name in 181 8.25.1 配置案例1:利用IP标准访问列表行使基本的路由过滤功能 182 8.25.2 配置案例2:利用IP扩展访问列表行使基本的路由过滤功能 183 8.25.3 配置案例3:操纵基本的BGP属性 184 8.25.4 配置案例4:选择性地操纵BGP属性 185 8.25.5 配置案例5:根据AS路径信息执行过滤 186 8-26 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-map route-map-name out 187 8.26.1 配置案例1:利用IP标准访问列表行使基本的路由过滤功能 188 8.26.2 配置案例2:操纵AS路径信息 189 8.26.3 配置案例3:为选定的路由追加AS信息 190 8.26.4 配置案例4:修改COMMUNITY属性 191 8-27 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-reflector-client 194 8.27.1 配置案例1:单台路由反射器 194 8.27.2 配置案例2:多路由反射器 197 8-28 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} send-community 199 配置案例:NO-EXPORT团体值 199 8-29 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} shutdown 201 配置案例:管理性地断开BGP对话 202 8-30 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} soft-reconfiguration inbound 202 配置案例:针对特定的邻居设置inbound软重配特性 203 8-31 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} timers keepalive holdtime 204 配置案例:更改保活时间和保持时间值 204 8-32 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} unsuppress-map route-map-name 205 配置案例:使用反抑制映射,有选择的通告路由 205 8-33 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} update-source interface-name 207 配置案例:使用loopback接口增强网络的稳定性 208 8-34 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} version version-number 210 配置案例:锁定邻居BGP的版本 211 8-35 neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} weight default-weight 212 配置案例:设置路由器本机的路由权重值 212 第9章 路由通告 215 9-1 network ip-address 215 9-2 network ip-address mask network-mask 215 9.2.1 配置案例1:直连网络 216 9.2.2 配置案例2:使用静态路由执行路由聚合 217 9-3 network ip-address backdoor 218 9-4 network ip-address mask network-mask backdoor 218 配置案例:通过管理距离发现最佳路由 219 9-5 network ip-address route-map route-map-name 221 9-6 network ip-address mask network-mask route-map route-map-name 221 9-7 network ip-address weight weight 222 9-8 network ip-address mask network-mask weight weight 222 第10章 路由重分发 225 10-1 redistribute protocol 225 配置案例:将直连、静态和EIGRP学得的路由重分发进BGP 225 10-2 redistribute protocol metric metric 230 配置案例:将直连、静态和EIGRP学得的路由重分发进BGP 230 10-3 redistribute protocol route-map route-map-name 234 10-4 redistribute protocol route-map route-map-name metric metric 234 配置案例:选择性地将直连、静态和EIGRP学得的路由重分发进BGP 235 10-5 redistribute protocol weight weight 239 第11章 地址汇总 241 第12章 同步 243 第13章 BGP计时器 249 第14章 BGP show命令 253 14-1 show ip bgp 253 14-2 show ip bgp | begin line 253 14-3 show ip bgp | exclude line 253 14-4 show ip bgp | include line 253 配置案例:显示BGP路由表 253 14-5 show ip bgp prefix 255 配置案例:显示BGP路由表中的精确前缀 255 14-6 show ip bgp prefix mask 255 14-7 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length 255 配置案例:显示本地BGP路由表中具有特定掩码的精确前缀 255 14-8 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes 256 14-9 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes 256 配置案例:显示BGP路由表中掩码长度长于或等于命令中所指定掩码的特定前缀 256 14-10 show ip bgp prefix | begin line 257 14-11 show ip bgp prefix | exclude line 257 14-12 show ip bgp prefix | include line 257 14-13 show ip bgp prefix mask | begin line 257 14-14 show ip bgp prefix mask | exclude line 257 14-15 show ip bgp prefix mask | include line 257 14-16 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length | begin line 258 14-17 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length | exclude line 258 14-18 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length | include line 258 14-19 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes | begin line 258 14-20 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes | exclude line 258 14-21 show ip bgp prefix mask longer-prefixes | include line 258 14-22 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes | begin line 258 14-23 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes | exclude line 258 14-24 show ip bgp prefix/mask-length longer-prefixes | include line 258 配置案例:使用输出修饰符显示BGP路由表中的特定前缀 258 14-25 show ip bgp cidr-only 259 14-26 show ip bgp cidr-only | begin line 259 14-27 show ip bgp cidr-only | exclude line 259 14-28 show ip bgp cidr-only | include line 259 配置案例 显示具有原生态掩码的BGP前缀 260 14-29 show ip bgp community community-number(s) 260 14-30 show ip bgp community community-number(s) exact-match 260 14-31 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | begin line 260 14-32 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | exclude line 260 14-33 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | include line 260 14-34 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | begin line exact-match 260 14-35 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | exclude line exact-match 261 14-36 show ip bgp community community-number(s) | include line exact-match 261 配置案例:显示隶属于特定团体的BGP前缀 261 14-37 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number 261 14-38 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number | begin line 261 14-39 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number | exclude line 261 14-40 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number | include line 261 14-41 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact match 261 14-42 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact-match | begin line 262 14-43 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact-match | exclude line 262 14-44 show ip bgp community-list community-list-number exact-match | include line 262 配置案例:使用团体列表显示隶属于特定团体的BGP前缀 262 14-45 show ip bgp dampened-paths 262 14-46 show ip bgp dampened-paths | begin line 262 14-47 show ip bgp dampened-paths | exclude line 262 14-48 show ip bgp dampened-paths | include line 262 配置案例:显示受BGP路由抑制特性抑制的前缀 263 14-49 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list 263 14-50 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list | begin line 263 14-51 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list | exclude line 263 14-52 show ip bgp filter-list as-path-access-list | include line 263 配置案例:显示匹配指定AS路径访问列表,且受BGP路由抑制特性抑制的前缀 263 14-53 show ip bgp flap-statistics 264 14-54 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length 264 14-55 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes 264 14-56 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes | begin regular-expression 264 14-57 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes | exclude regular-expression 264 14-58 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length longer-prefi-xes | include regular-expression 264 14-59 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length | begin regular-expression 264 14-60 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length | exclude regular-expression 264 14-61 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix/mask-length | include regular-expression 264 14-62 show ip bgp flap- statistics prefix 264 14-63 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix | begin regular-expression 264 14-64 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix | exclude regular-expression 265 14-65 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix | include regular-expression 265 14-66 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask 265 14-67 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask | begin regular-expression 265 14-68 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask | exclude regular-expression 265 14-69 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask | include regular-expression 265 14-70 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes 265 14-71 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes | begin regular-expression 265 14-72 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes | exclude regular-expression 265 14-73 show ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask longer-prefixes | include regular-expression 265 14-74 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number 265 14-75 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number | begin regular-expression 265 14-76 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number | exclude regular-expression 266 14-77 show ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number | include regular-expression 266 14-78 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line 266 14-79 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line | begin regular-expression 266 14-80 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line | excl-ude regular-expression 266 14-81 show ip bgp flap-statistics quote-regexp quoted-line | include regular-expression 266 14-82 show ip bgp flap-statistics regexp regular-expression 266 14-83 show ip bgp flap-statistics | begin regular-expression 266 14-84 show ip bgp flap-statistics | exclude regular-expression 266 14-85 show ip bgp flap-statistics | include regular-expression 266 配置案例:显示BGP翻动统计信息 267 14-86 show ip bgp inconsistent-as 268 14-87 show ip bgp inconsistent-as | begin line 268 14-88 show ip bgp inconsistent-as | exclude line 268 14-89 show ip bgp inconsistent-as | include line 268 配置案例:显示起源AS不一致的BGP路由 268 14-90 show ip bgp neighbors 268 14-91 show ip bgp neighbors | begin line 268 14-92 show ip bgp neighbors | exclude line 268 14-93 show ip bgp neighbors | include line 268 14-94 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address advertised-routes 268 14-95 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address dampened-routes 268 14-96 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address flap-statistics 269 14-97 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address paths 269 14-98 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address paths line 269 14-99 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address received-routes 269 14-100 show ip bgp neighbors ip-address routes 269 配置案例:显示特定BGP邻居的信息 269 14-101 show ip bgp paths 273 14-102 show ip bgp paths line 273 14-103 show ip bgp paths line 273 14-104 show ip bgp paths line 273 14-105 show ip bgp paths | begin line 273 14-106 show ip bgp paths | exclude line 273 14-107 show ip bgp paths | include line 273 配置案例:显示BGP路径信息 273 14-108 show ip bgp peer-group 274 14-109 show ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name 274 14-110 show ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name summary 274 配置案例:显示BGP对等体组的信息 274 14-111 show ip bgp summary 274 14-112 show ip bgp summary | begin line 274 14-113 show ip bgp summary | exclude line 274 14-114 show ip bgp summary | include line 274 配置案例:显示所有BGP连接的汇总信息 274 第15章 BGP clear命令 277 15-1 clear ip bgp * 277 15-2 clear ip bgp * soft 277 15-3 clear ip bgp * soft in 277 15-4 clear ip bgp * soft out 277 15-5 clear ip bgp * soft in out 277 15-6 clear ip bgp AS-number 277 15-7 clear ip bgp AS-number soft 277 15-8 clear ip bgp AS-number soft in 277 15-9 clear ip bgp AS-number soft out 277 15-10 clear ip bgp AS-number soft in out 277 15-11 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address 277 15-12 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft 277 15-13 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft in 278 15-14 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft out 278 15-15 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address soft in out 278 15-16 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name 278 15-17 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft 278 15-18 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft in 278 15-19 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft out 278 15-20 clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name soft in out 278 15-21 clear ip bgp dampening 279 15-22 clear ip bgp dampening prefix mask 279 15-23 clear ip bgp flap-statistics 279 15-24 clear ip bgp flap-statistics prefix mask 279 15-25 clear ip bgp flap-statistics filter-list list-number 279 15-26 clear ip bgp flap-statistics regexp regular-expression 279 15-27 clear ip bgp neighbor-ip-address flap-statistics 279 第16章 BGP debug命令 281 16-1 debug ip bgp 281 配置案例 281 16-2 debug ip bgp neighbor-ip-address updates 282 16-3 debug ip bgp neighbor-ip-address updates access-list-number 282 16.3.1 配置案例1:对接收自/发送到特定邻居的所有路由更新执行debug操作 282 16.3.2 配置案例2:对接收自和/或发送到特定邻居的特定路由更新执行debug操作 284 16-4 debug ip bgp dampening 285 16-5 debug ip bgp dampening access-list-number 285 配置案例:调试所有BGP路由抑制事件 285 16-6 debug ip bgp events 286 配置案例:对邻居关系建立(formation)过程中的事件进行调试 286 16-7 debug ip bgp keepalives 287 配置案例:调试BGP保活消息 287 16-8 debug ip bgp in neighbor-ip-address updates 287 16-9 debug ip bgp in neighbor-ip-address updates access-list-number 287 16-10 debug ip bgp out neighbor-ip-address updates 287 16-11 debug ip bgp out neighbor-ip-address updates access-list-number 287 16-12 debug ip bgp updates 287 16-13 debug ip bgp updates in 288 16-14 debug ip bgp updates out 288 16-15 debug ip bgp updates access-list-number 288 16-16 debug ip bgp updates access-list-number in 288 16-17 debug ip bgp updates access-list-number out 288 16.17.1 配置案例1:调试所有BGP更新 288 16.17.2 配置案例2:调试收到的路由更新 289 16.17.3 配置案例3:调试发往所有BGP邻居的特定出站路由更新 290 16.17.4 配置案例4:调试接收自某特定BGP邻居的特定出站路由更新 290 附录A RFC 1771:边界网关协议4 293 附录B 正则表达式 305 附录C 路由映射逻辑 309 |
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