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词条 标准溶液
释义

简介

standard solution

援引美国加联数据库定义已知准确浓度的溶液。在滴定分析中常用作滴定剂。在其他的分析方法中用标准溶液绘制工作曲线或作计算标准。

配制方法

配制方法有两种,一种是直接法,即准确称量基准物质,溶解后定容至一定体积;另一种是标定法,即先配制成近似需要的浓度,再用基准物质或用标准溶液来进行标定。

已知准确浓度的溶液,在容量分析中用作滴定剂,以滴定被测物质。

如果试剂符合基准物质的要求 (组成与化学式相符、纯度高、稳定),可以直接配制标准溶液,即准确称出适量的基准物质,溶解后配制在一定体积的容量瓶内。可由下式计算应称取的基准物质的重量W:W=ΜV·基准物质的摩尔质量。式中Μ和V分别为所需配制的溶液的摩尔浓度和体积。利用上式可计算出标准溶液的浓度。

如果试剂不符合基准物质的要求,则先配成近似于所需浓度的溶液,然后再用基准物质准确地测定其浓度,这个过程称为溶液的标定。

详细说明

已知准确浓度的溶液,在容量分析中用作滴定剂,以滴定被测物质。

如果试剂符合基准物质的要求 (组成与化学式相符、纯度高、稳定),可以直接配制标准溶液,即准确称出适量的基准物质,溶解后配制在一定体积的容量瓶内。可由下式计算应称取的基准物质的重量WWV·基准物质的摩尔质量

式中Μ和V分别为所需配制的溶液的摩尔浓度和体积。利用上式可计算出标准溶液的浓度,例如称取1.480克基准物质重铬酸钾,在250毫升容量瓶内配成溶液,重铬酸钾溶液的摩尔浓度为:(图1)如果试剂不符合基准物质的要求,则先配成近似于所需浓度的溶液,然后再用基准物质准确地测定其浓度,这个过程称为溶液的标定。例如氢氧化钠容易吸收二氧化碳和水,难以提纯,为了配制氢氧化钠标准溶液,只需粗略称出氢氧化钠的重量,把它溶解在蒸馏水中,稀释至所需体积,然后用邻苯二甲酸氢钾为基准物质标定氢氧化钠溶液。例如称出0.4985克邻苯二甲酸氢钾,标定时消耗 24.02毫升氢氧化钠溶液。已知邻苯二甲酸氢钾的摩尔质量为204.2,则氢氧化钠溶液的摩尔浓度为:(图2)

标准溶液研制单位

标准溶液有进口标准溶液和国内标准溶液之分,国内的标准溶液有钢铁研究总院(北京纳克分析仪器有限公司),国家标物中心;国外进口的有美国标准局(NIST)和美国加联等单位。 其中以美国标准局(NIST)的标准溶液权威性最高,国内标准溶液应与之进行比对溯源后,方可使用

国内无机元素标准溶液一览表

编号 元素符号 浓度 规格 介质

GSBG62001-90 锂Li 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

GSBG62002-90 铍Be 1000ppm 50mL 10%HNO3

GSBG62003-90 硼B 1000ppm 50mL H2O

GSBG62004-90 钠Na 1000ppm 50mL H2O

GSBG62005-90 镁Mg 1000ppm 50mL 5%HCl

GSBG62006-90 铝Al 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

GSBG62007-90 硅Si 500ppm 50mL 1%Na2CO3

GSBG62008-90 磷P 1000ppm 50mL H2O

GSBG62009-90 磷P 1000ppm 50mL H2O

GSBG62010-90 硫S 1000ppm 50mL H2O

GSBG62011-90 钾K 1000ppm 50mL H2O

GSBG62012-90 钙Ca 1000ppm 50mL 5%HCl

GSBG62013-90 钪Sc 1000ppm 50mL 10%HNO3

GSBG62014-90 钛Ti 1000ppm 50mL 10%H2SO4

GSBG62015-90 钒V 1000ppm 50mL 10%H2SO4

GSBG62016-90 钒V 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

GSBG62017-90 铬Cr 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

GSBG62018-90 锰Mn 1000ppm 50mL 5%H2SO4

GSBG62019-90 锰Mn 1000ppm 50mL 10%HNO3

GSBG62020-90 铁Fe 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

GSBG62021-90 钴Co 1000ppm 50mL 5%HNO3

GSBG62022-90 镍Ni 1000ppm 50mL 5%HNO3

GSBG62023-90 铜Cu 1000ppm 50mL 5%H2SO4

GSBG62024-90 铜Cu 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

GSBG62025-90 锌Zn 1000ppm 50mL 10%HCl

WELL-GROUP混标

美国加联提供单标和混标标准溶液,介质都是水质、硝酸、盐酸等

Element元素 Source, Purity, Matrix Cat. No.编号

Aluminum(铝) Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl WPS-10001-1
WPS-10001-2

Antimony(锑) Sb metal, 99.999%, 10%HCl
Sb metal, 99.999%, 5% HNO3+Trace HF WPS-10002-2
WPS-10002-3

Arsenic(砷) As metal, 99.999%,2% HNO3
As metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl
As2O3 as As,99.999%, 2%HCL
As metal as As,99.999%, 2%NaOH WPS-10003-1
WPS-10003-2
WPS-10003-6
WPS-10003-7

Barium(钡) BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-10004-1
WPS-10004-2

Beryllium(铍) Be metal, 99.5%, 2%HNO3
Be metal 99.5%, 2%HCl WPS-10005-1
WPS-10005-2

Bismuth(铋) Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3
Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl WPS-10006-1
WPS-10006-2

Boron(硼) H3BO3, 99.99%, H2O WPS-10007-4

Cadmium(镉) Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3
Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl WPS-10008-1 WPS-10008-2

Calcium(钙) CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HNO3
CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HCl WPS-10009-1
WPS-10009-2

Carbon(碳) Na2C2O4, 99.9+%, H2O WPS-100071-4

Cerium(铈) CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100010-1
WPS-100010-2

Cesium(锶) Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3
Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HCl WPS-100011-1
WPS-100011-2

Chromium(铬) Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl
Cr metal as Cr+3,99.999%, 2%HCl
K2Cr2o as Cr,99.998%, H2O WPS-100012-1
WPS-100012-2
WPS-100012-6
WPS-100012-7

Cobalt(钴) Co metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3
Co metal, 99.998%, 2%HCl WPS-100013-1
WPS-100013-2

Copper(铜) Cu metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Cu metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl WPS-100014-1
WPS-100014-2

Dysprosium(镝) Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100015-1
WPS-100015-2

Erbium(铒) Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100016-1
WPS-100016-2

Europium(铕) Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100017-1
WPS-100017-2

Gadolinium(钆) Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100018-1
WPS-100018-2

Gallium(镓) Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl WPS-100019-1
WPS-100019-2

Germanium(锗) (NH4)2 GeF5, 99.99%, 1% HNO3
Ge metal, 99.999%, 5% Oxalic Acid WPS-100020-1
WPS-100020-5

Gold(金) Au metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100021-2

Hafnium(铪) Hf metal, 99.9%, 2% HNO3 +0.5%HF WPS-100022-3

Holmium(钬) Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100023-1
WPS-100023-2

Indium(铟) In metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
In metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl WPS-100024-1
WPS-100024-2

Iridium(铱) (NH4) 3IrCl6, 99.998%,10%HCl,100mL WPS-100025-2

Iron(铁) Fe metal, 99.999,2% HNO3
Fe metal, 99.999,2% HCl WPS-100026-1
WPS-100026-2

Lanthanum(镧) La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HCl WPS-100027-1
WPS-100027-2

Lead(铅) Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HNO3
Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HCl WPS-100028-1
WPS-100028-2

Lithium(锂) Li2CO3, 99.995%, 2% HNO3
LiCl, 99.999%, 1% HCl
Li2CO3, 99.5%, 1% HNO3 WPS-100029-1
WPS-100029-2
WPS-100029-6l

Lutetium(镥) Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HNO3
Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100030-1
WPS-100030-2

Magnesium(镁) Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HNO3
Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100031-1
WPS-100031-2

Manganese(锰) Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100032-1
WPS-100032-2

Mercury(汞) Hg metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3 WPS-100033-1

Molybdenum(钼) Mo metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl
Mo metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3+HF
(NH4) 2 MoO4, 99.999%, H2O WPS-100034-2
WPS-100034-3
WPS-100034-4

Neodymium(钕) Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100035-1
WPS-100035-2

Nickel(镍) Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl WPS-100036-1
WPS-100036-2

Niobium(铌) Nb metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF WPS-100037-3

Osmium(锇) (NH4) 2 OsCl6, 99.996%, 10%HCl, 100mL WPS-100070-2

Palladium(钯) Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3
Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HCl WPS-100038-1
WPS-100038-2

Phosphorus(磷) (NH4) H2PO4, 99.95%, 0.05%, HNO3 WPS-100039-1

Platinum(铂) Pt metal, 99.99%, 5%HCl WPS-100040-2

Potassium(钾) KNO3, 99.999%, 1% HNO3
KCl, 99.99%, 1%HCl WPS-100041-1
WPS-100041-2

Praseodymium(镨) Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100042-1
WPS-100042-2

Rhenium(铼) Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100043-1
WPS-100043-2

Rhodium(铑) (NH4) 3 RhCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mL WPS-100044-2

Rubidium(铷) RbNO3, 99.95%, 2% HNO3
RbCl, 99.95%, 2%HCl WPS-100045-1
WPS-100045-2

Ruthenium(钌) (NH4) 2RuCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mL WPS-100046-2

Samarium(钐) Sm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Sm2O3, 99.99%,2% HCl WPS-100047-1
WPS-100047-2

Scandium(钪) Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100048-1
WPS-100048-2

Selenium(硒) Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100049-1
WPS-100049-2

Silicon(硅) Na2SiO3, 99.99%, H2O
(NH4) 2SiF6, 99.99%H2O WPS-100050-4
WPS-100050-4F

Silver(银) Ag metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 WPS-100051-1

Sodium(钠) NaNO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3
NaCl, 99.98%, 1%HCl WPS-100052-1
WPS-100052-2

Strontium SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100053-1
WPS-100053-2

Sulfur(硫) H2SO4, 99.999%, H2O WPS-100054-5

Tantalum(钽) Ta metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF WPS-100055-3

Tellurium(碲) Te metal, 99.99%, 2%HCl
Te metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.2%HF WPS-100056-2
WPS-100056-3

Terbium(铽) Tb4O7, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Tb4O7, 99.99%,2% HCl WPS-100057-1
WPS-100057-2

Thallium(铊) Ti metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 WPS-100058-1

Thorium(钍) ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100059-1
WPS-100059-2

Thulium(铥) Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100060-1
WPS-100060-2

Tin(锡) Sn metal, 99.998%, 20%HCl
Sn metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF WPS-100061-2
WPS-100061-3

Titanium(钛) Ti metal, 99.99%, 20%HCl
Ti metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.1%HF WPS-100062-2
WPS-100062-3

Tungsten(钨) W metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3+0.5%HF WPS-100063-3

Uranium U3O8, 99.968%, 2% HNO3 WPS-100064-1

Vanadium(钒) NH2VO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
NH4VO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl WPS-100065-1
WPS-100065-2

Ytterbium(镱) Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3
Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HCl WPS-100066-1
WPS-100066-2

Yttrium(钇) Y2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3
Y2O3, 99.99,2% HCl WPS-100067-1
WPS-100067-2

Zinc(锌) Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl WPS-100068-1
WPS-100068-2

Zirconium(锆) Zr metal, 99.84%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF WPS-100069-3

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