请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 伊安篇
释义

《伊安篇》是柏拉图较早的一篇对话录(《Ion》,又译作《埃奥恩》约写于公元前390年)。它通过苏格拉底与诵诗人伊安的对话, 探讨了诗人文艺才能产生的原因, 即诗人是凭借专门的技艺还是凭借灵感来创作的。柏拉图通过与伊安的辩论得出诗人是凭借灵感来创作的结论, 并描述了灵感产生时的状态, 这对后世产生了深远的影响。

中文名:伊安篇

外文名:Ion

其他译名:埃奥恩

作者:柏拉图

主题:创作灵感

创作年代:约公元前390年

作者国籍:古希腊

内容简介

伊安是一位专以吟诵荷马史诗为业的诵诗人,这天参加诵诗竞赛归来,正为自己获得头奖而洋洋自得。不料,遇见苏格拉底假装向他求教,提出许多令人困惑的问题,结果却使伊安自相矛盾,难以招架。按照苏格拉底的逻辑,如果伊安果真是凭技艺解说荷马史诗的话,那么,他也就能凭借技艺去解说其他诗人的作品。因为既然它们都是诗歌,就会具有诗歌的共通性。可是,事实上伊安只擅长吟诵荷马,谈及别的诗人来就要打瞌睡。由此看来,他之擅长解说荷马,并非是一种技艺,而是凭借着灵感。柏拉图由此指出:

凡是高明的诗人,无论在史诗或抒情诗方面,都不是凭技艺来做成他们的优美的诗歌,而是因为他们得到灵感,有神力凭附着……因为诗人是一种轻飘的长着羽翼的神明的东西,不得到灵感,不失去平常理智而陷入迷狂,就没有能力创作,就不能做诗或代神说话。诗人们对于他们所写的那些题材,说出那样多的优美词句,像你自己解说荷马那样,并非凭技艺的规矩,而是依诗神的驱遣。

柏拉图在《伊安篇》中,通过"赫剌克勒斯石"之链的比喻,形象地说明了艺术创作中灵感的作用,诗人进入灵感状态的表现,以及作品的艺术感染力的问题,对后世文艺理论的发展产生了极为重要的影响.

英译版本简介原文

Ion

by Plato translated by Benjamin Jowett

"In Plato's Ion Socrates discusses with the title character the question of whether the rhapsode, a professional performer of poetry, gives his performance on account of his skill and knowledge or by virtue of divine possession.

Ion has just come from a festival of Asclepius at the city of Epidarus, and is full of himself for having carried off first prize in the competition. Socrates presses the view that it is divine possession and not acquired skill that is behind the actor's art, but Ion admits that it is the specter of money that really keeps him on his toes. Socrates subjects Ion to his philosophical dialectic, and gets him to admit that because he recites Homer's war stories, he is as much military general as actor. Only then does Socrates seem satisfied that he has made a fool of the actor, whom he accuses of being as shifty as Proteus.

Ion admits when Socrates asks, that his skill in performance recitation is limited to Homer, and that all other poets bore him. Socrates finds this puzzling, and sets out to solve the "riddle" of Ion's limited expertise. He points out to Ion that art critics and judges of sculpture normally do not limit themselves to judging the work of only a single artist, but can criticize the art no matter who the particular artist. Socrates deduces from this observation that Ion has no real skill, but is like a soothsayer or prophet in being divinely possessed. Socrates offers the metaphor of a magnet to explain how the actor transmits the poet's original inspiration from the muse to the audience. He says that the god speaks first to the poet, then gives the actor his skill, and thus, gods communicate to the people; the only other option is to be a cheater since Ion does not know of skills in which he recites (military general).

中文相关书籍

《文艺对话集》 [ 古希腊 ] 柏拉图 ( 前 427 ~前 347) 著。朱光潜编集并翻译,上海文艺联合出版社 1954 年初版,上海新文艺出版社 1956 年再版,人民文学出版社 1963 年再版。是柏拉图的美学和文艺学论著选集。

本书收集了柏拉图的 8 篇对话体文章,共约 22 万字。第 1 篇是《伊安篇》,主要论述诗的灵感问题。第 2 篇是《理想国》 ( 卷 2 至卷 3 ),主要论述统治者的文学音乐教育问题。第 3 篇是《理想国》(卷 10) ,主要论述诗人的罪状。第 4 篇是《裴德若篇》,主要论述修辞术。第 5 篇是《大希庇阿斯篇》,主要论述美的本质问题。第 6 篇是《会饮篇》,主要论述爱美和哲学修养问题。第 7 篇是《斐利布斯篇》,主要论述美感问题。第 8 篇《法律篇》,主要论述文艺教育问题。所选的每一篇文章在书末都附有一篇编译者写的题解。另外,书末还有编译者写的译后记,对柏拉图的美学思想作了系统的论述和评价。

柏拉图是古希腊最著名的客观唯心主义哲学家,本书比较集中系统地反映了他的美学和文艺学思想。柏拉图的美学和文艺学思想体现了古代人对美学和文艺学问题思考和探求的成就,虽然具有唯心主义成分,但对后世产生了深远的影响,成为西方美和文艺学的重要源头之一。柏拉图关于美的本质的探讨开辟了中世纪直至德国古典美学的基本研究路向,他关于灵感问题的探索对文艺复兴乃至近代浪漫主义文艺思潮产生了影响。

随便看

 

百科全书收录4421916条中文百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容开放、自由的电子版百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 Cnenc.net All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/2/13 0:01:53