| 词条 | 维欧尼 |
| 释义 | 简介：Viognier(维欧尼) Viognier（维欧尼）：长势旺盛的品种，从9月初就开始成熟。难于种植，对于多种病害都很敏感，需要种植在贫瘠干燥多石的土壤里。酒精度高，酸度低，和谐，圆润，带有强烈花香（紫罗兰、金合欢）而且能发展出蜂蜜、麝香、桃和干杏的香气。这个品种以前只有北隆河的Chateau Grillet, Condrieu种植，仅仅数十公顷的面积，而今，其特点受到越来越多的重视，种植面积在世界范围内成飞快的速度发展，遍及美国、澳大利亚等新世界国家。 起源关于Viognier （发音vee-oh-nyay）维欧尼葡萄的起源，我们的葡萄酒学究们仍然在争议当中。在他们没有完成顶定论，之前更多的专家认为维欧尼是起源于达尔马提亚，同样出产于达尔马提亚的克罗地亚好东西就是鼎鼎有名的大麦町斑点狗。在罗马帝国时期它被带入了法国的隆河地区。当时有名的皇帝普罗布斯还在公元281年的时候还亲自采购过维欧尼葡萄。另外一个传说说的是这款葡萄和席拉一起被装在货船运送去薄若来途中，曾被一群当地的一群自称是culs de piux（虔诚的忠实者）的不法团伙劫持，案发地点就在今日的隆河地区的Condrieu（现在已经成为隆和重要的维欧尼产地）附近，看起来就算是在遥远的古代其受欢迎程度一点也不比现在差。 Viognier的起源也同样含糊不清，和她拼写最接近的法国城市Vienne维埃那是当时罗马帝国的前哨城市。另外一个关于她名字的猜测来源于古罗马语中的Gehennae的发音,这个词的意思是通往地狱的道路，暗指这款葡萄在种植上的别样艰辛。虽然我们确信当时的种植葡萄的农民已经拥有相当文学造诣和夸大事实的本领，不过维欧尼对于环境的要求确实是有些苛刻了，不仅喜欢立于贫瘠干燥多石的土壤之上，对于很多针对葡萄的病虫害都没什么抵抗力。尽管拥有如此骄纵和脆弱的性格，维欧尼所给出的浓烈花香：最具有辨识度的是紫罗兰和金合欢的香气，而且在后味中还能发展出麝香和杏仁的香气，这几乎是没有任何一款白葡萄能够比拟的，除了作为混酿葡萄酒中增添香氛的重要元素之外，纯的维欧尼通过高酒精度的调配，可以发挥其最佳的酿造适性达到饱满而柔软的酒体以及高度复杂的香气特质，较高的酒精度能够烘托更深层次的口感，从而提升出其香味层面的潜力。 维欧尼在曾经的欧洲大陆是比较普遍的一款的葡萄，虽然现在它作为一款在世界葡萄酒市场不常见的白葡萄成为北罗纳（北隆河）地区的一个的独家标志性品种。上个世纪60年代的时候，这个品种在法国几乎濒临灭绝，想象一下当时的北隆河只剩 8 英亩的维欧尼葡萄园。由于一度如此稀少，而葡萄酒时尚的转变来的如此之快，尽管如今维欧尼在全球的种植量大大的上升，但在价格上，隆河维欧尼的价格永远是白酒中的翘楚。 继续之前提到过的维欧尼的亲缘纠纷，直到2004年，加州大学发布了一系列关于维欧尼的DNA归类报告，Davis博士宣布了和维欧尼最亲近的亲戚，她是来自意大利皮尔蒙特产区的Freisa葡萄，在遗传学上讲，它还是人气意大利葡萄Nebbiolo内比欧露葡萄的堂姐。 维欧尼嗅觉和/香气 品种香气/口味： 酿造香气/口味： 花卉：橙花，相思，紫罗兰，蜂蜜 乳酸：黄油，奶油 水果：桃，杏，芒果，菠萝，番石榴，猕猴桃，橘子 橡木（轻）：香草，甜木 香料：茴香，薄荷 橡木（重）：橡木，烟，烤面包 草药：割干草，烟草 维欧尼最吸引人的地方可能是其强大，复杂的香气。香气物质与琼瑶浆，麝香一样，是种萜烯物质，维欧尼不适于久存，一类花香会在3年内逐渐消失。虽然大部分维欧尼都是干的，但是延迟采摘或稻草法也能酿制甜酒。 维欧尼常见blend（混酿）：设拉子维欧尼，加州尝试了霞多丽，白诗南，鸽笼白，但加州的维欧尼酒精度高于法国。在智利，阿根廷也有种植，比如智利流行的品牌Casilero del Diablo生产的Viognier。澳大利亚，意大利，南非，新西兰，日本都有种植。 生长环境维欧尼的主要一个缺点就是难以生长，虽然比较耐旱，但是在潮湿环境下容易得白粉病，与其他品种一样，收获必须在成熟的高峰期，来获取其独特的风味和香气。收获过早，无法得到丰富的香气，收获过晚，葡萄酒会有油性的味道，品种高糖低酸，赋予葡萄酒风味和酒精。很多酒庄会用它来进行调和。 种植产地：全球引种：维欧尼从90年代开始被广泛的引种在世界各地。不管是加州和澳大利亚，如今都拥有为数客观的维欧尼葡萄葡萄园。但是其实维欧尼也面临过一段尴尬的低迷时期：法国境内维欧尼数量下降趋势的巅峰在葡萄根瘤菌泛滥的时候上升到了巅峰，这场葡萄业界的风暴从19世纪中叶一直持续到了20世纪，维欧尼的种植面积也是有减无增。第一次世界大战带来的混乱更是让种植葡萄的世家改行或者干脆举家搬迁。所以才会有我刚才公布的1965年的尴尬数字，人们才开始意识到他们国家的一门重要葡萄正面临灭绝的重大问题。即使是到了1985年的时候，维欧尼在法国的种植仍然岌岌可危。当然如今维欧尼已经顺利的逃脱了濒临灭绝的危机，并且在世界各地有限的生长着而法国的北隆河产区的种植面积也有大幅度的提升。除了之前说到的加州和澳大利亚，成功移植的维欧的其他国家和地区分别是意大利中部的 Piedmont皮尔蒙特产区以及南非，新西兰，甚至在日本你都能找到维欧尼葡萄园的踪迹。 法国维欧尼：Rhone Valley罗纳河谷： 法国的维欧尼只在几个产区内获得单一种植许可，Condrieu 和 Chateau Grillet 注1（维欧尼名望最高的产地）都名列其中，这些地域大多是在隆河的左岸，距离里昂南部40公里的授权葡萄园。大多数法国产的维欧尼都在Languedoc朗格多克地区以 Vin de Pays身份销售。在隆河地区的出口庄园中，这款葡萄经常和Roussane，Marsanne马珊，Grenache blanc白歌海纳和Rolle葡萄混合酿造，以期制造出具有家族风范的高品质白酒。在北隆河地区这款葡萄还和Chardonnay莎当妮一起混合酿制。在Vignerons他们只挑拥有保温材质的花岗岩质土壤来种植维欧尼，这样植株的生命力会被大大的增强。薄若来比较有名的酿酒大师Georges Duboeuf在Ardèche产区移植了不少维欧尼，借着隆河维欧尼的原有的名声使其成为其白酒打开销路。 除了为隆河的白酒增色之外，在Cote-Rotie AOC产区的标准当中，红酒中能够加入20%的维欧尼，但是但多数厂商往往都不会在自己得意的红酒作品中放超过5%的维欧尼。由于维欧尼比席拉等葡萄的成熟要早很多，这款葡萄经常和混酿的对象席拉葡萄分开进行采摘和发酵。除了增添嗅觉上的愉悦之外，维欧尼对于红葡萄酒的最大的好处就是通过在酿制中的共色作用为每瓶出产的红酒提供稳定的如宝石般的色泽。 由这些厂商的老道手段，古老的维欧尼积攒多年的韵味再次被打开，其凝练的特质即使作为配角出现在一些作品中也能被细心的品醇客察觉到。如果你是喜欢旧世界葡萄酒复杂和隽永性格的老酒客，下一杯，你能否辨识出维欧尼这块凝练的琥珀呢？ 注1：Chateau Grillet（ 法国最小的AOC产地，面积不到10亩，只有一个业主） 除了Rhone Valley罗纳河谷以外，维欧尼也种植于法国南部的Provence（普罗旺斯）和Languedoc（朗格多克）地区。 澳大利亚维欧尼：澳大利亚目前也广泛种植维欧尼，1980年，Yalumba御兰堡是第一个把维欧尼从法国罗纳河产区带到澳大利亚商业种植的酒庄，葡萄种植在巴罗莎谷。南澳目前维欧尼的种植面积也在大量增加，澳洲的维欧尼酒精度往往能达到13%以上。如同Cote-Rotie的设拉子会加入维欧尼调配一样，澳洲最近也流行这种做法，添加的量因人而异，一般都在5%左右。（维欧尼混酿的比例变化空间比较大，从2%-10%以下，所以结果也各不相同），维欧尼赋予了酒体更多的香甜香气，来中和设拉子所具有的浓烈香气，并且在口感上也起到调和作用，使得葡萄酒更圆润，平衡，更能稳定设拉子的颜色。是近些年澳洲流行的一种趋势！ 下面列举澳洲生产维欧尼的酒庄。 Alan and Veitch Adelaide Hills Albert River Queensland Coastal Aldinga Bay McLaren Vale Alkoomi Frankland River Allies Wines Mornington Peninsula Allusion Wines Southern Fleurieu Amulet Vineyard Beechworth Anderson Winery Rutherglen Andrew Peace Wines Swan Hill Angas Vineyards Langhorne Creek Angoves Winery Riverland Angullong Wines Orange Arakoon McLaren Vale Artwine Clare Valley Arundel Sunbury Badgers Brook Yarra Valley Yarra Valley Bago Vineyards Hastings River Ballandeen Estate Granite Belt Ballinaclash Wines Hilltops Balthazar Barossa Bartagunyah Estate Southern Flinders Region Barton Estate Canberra Barwick Wines Margaret River Battely Wines Beechworth Battle of Bosworth Wines McLaren Vale Battunga Vineyards Adelaide Hills Beelgara Estate Riverina Belgrave Park Winery South Coast Zone Belgravia Vineyards Orange Bellarine Estate Geelong Berton Vineyards Riverina Bimbadgen Estate Hunter Valley Binbilla Hilltops Biscay Wines Barossa Valley Blamires Butterfly Crossing Bendigo Blue Poles Vineyard Margaret River Boat O'Craigo Yarra Valley Boireann Granite Belt Boyntons Feathertop Alpine Valleys Brammar Estate Yarra Valley Brindabella Hills Canberra Brokenwood Wines Hunter Valley Brookhampton Estate Geographe Brown Brothers King Valley By Farr Geelong Calais Estate Hunter Valley Camp Road Estate Hunter Valley Campbells Wines Rutherglen Cape Mentelle Margaret River Capel Vale Geographe Carickalinga Creek Southern Fleurieu Carilley Estate Swan Valley Carlaminda Estate Geographe Cascabel McLaren Vale Casella Riverina Castagna Vineyard Beechworth Ceres Bridge Estate Geelong Chain of Ponds Adelaide Hills Chalice Bridge Estate Margaret River Charlies Estate Wines Swan Valley Chateau Mildura Murray Darling Ciavarella King Valley Circo V King Valley Claymore Wines Clare Valley Clonakilla Canberra Cobaw Ridge Macedon Ranges Coombe Farm Vineyard Yarra Valley Counterpoint Vineyard Pyrenees Cow Hill Beechworth Craneford Barossa Valley Creed of Barossa Barossa Valley Cupitt's winery Shoalhaven Coast Currans Family Wines Murray Darling Cypress Post Granite Belt D'Arenberg McLaren Vale Darling Park Mornington Peninsula David Hook Wines Hunter Valley De Beaurepaire Wines Mudgee de Mestre Wines Mudgee Deakin Estate Murray Darling Diamond Valley Vineyards Yarra Valley Djinta Djinta Gippsland DogRidge McLaren Vale Domain Day Barossa Valley Dos Rios Swan Hill Dyson Wines McLaren Vale Eaglerange Wines Alpine Valleys Eden Hall Eden Valley Elgee Park Mornington Peninsula Evans Family Wines Hunter Valley Even Keel Wines Canberra Farrell Estate Murray Darling Fighting Gully Road Beechworth First Creek Hunter Valley Flying Duck Estate King Valley Flynn's Wines Heathcote Fonty's Pool Vineyards Pemberton Fox Gordon Barossa Valley Francois Jacquard Perth Hills Frankland Estate Frankland River Freeman Vineyards Hilltops Galvanized Wine Group McLaren Vale Geddes Wines McLaren Vale Gelland Estate Mudgee Gemtree Vineyards McLaren Vale Geoff Merrill McLaren Vale Gherardi Wines Margaret River Ghost Riders Vineyard Hunter Valley Giant Steps Yarra Valley Glandore Estate Hunter Valley Grant Burge Barossa Valley Gregory's Wines The Peninsulas Grove Estate Wines Hilltops Gundowringla Wines Alpine Valleys Haan Barossa Valley Hamiltons Bluff Cowra Happs Margaret River Harris River Estate Geographe Hartley Estate Perth Hills Haselgrove McLaren Vale Hastwell and Lightfoot McLaren Vale Haywards of Locksley Strathbogie Ranges Heafod Glen Winery Swan Valley Heartland Vineyard Hunter Valley Heartland Wines Limestone Coast Heathcote Winery Heathcote Heggies Vineyard Eden Valley Heidenriech Estate Barossa Valley Helen's Hill Estate Yarra Valley Henley Hill Yarra Valley Henschke Eden Valley Hently Farm Wines Barossa Valley Hobbs of Barossa Ranges Barossa Valley Honey Moon Vineyard Adelaide Hills Hotham Ridge Winery Peel House of Certain Views Hunter Valley Hugh Hamilton McLaren Vale Immerse Yarra Valley Inkwell McLaren Vale Innocent Bystander Yarra Valley Izway Wines Barossa Valley Jarrah Ridge Winery Perth Hills Jeir Creek Canberra Jimbour Wines Queensland Zone Kalgan River Wines Albany Kalleske Wines Barossa Valley Kamberra Canberra Kangarilla Road McLaren Vale Katoa Wines Heathcote Kay Bros Amery McLaren Vale Keith Tulloch Wine Hunter Valley Kidman Coonawarra Wines Coonawarra Kilikanoon Clare Valley Killara Estate Yarra Valley Kindred Spirit Wines Strathbogie Ranges King River Estate King Valley Kingston Estate Riverland Kirrihill Adelaide Hills Kirwans Bridge Wines Nagambie Lakes Koltz McLaren Vale Kouark Gippsland Ladbroke Grove Coonawarra Lady Bay Winery Southern Fleurieu Lamonts Central Western Australian Zone Langanook Wines Bendigo Langmeil Barossa Valley Lanzthomson Wines Barossa Valley Lark Hill Winery Canberra Lashmar Kangaroo Island Lazy Ballerina McLaren Vale Lerida Estate Canberra Lethbridge Wines Geelong Lillian Pemberton Linda Domas Wines McLaren Vale Lindenton Wines Heathcote Little's Winery Hunter Valley Little River Wines Swan Valley Little Wine Company Hunter Valley Logan Wines Mudgee Longview Vineyard Adelaide Hills Louee Wines Mudgee M. Chapoutier Australia Mount Benson Macquarie Grove Vineyards Western Plains Maddens rise Yarra Valley Margan Family Hunter Valley Mary Byrnes Wines Granite Belt mas serrat Yarra Valley Mason Wines Granite Belt Mason Wines Granite Belt Maxwell Wines McLaren Vale McCuskers Vineyard Perth Hills McHenry Hohnen Margaret River McIvor Creek Heathcote McKellar Ridge Canberra McPherson Wines Nagambie Lakes Meera Park Hunter Valley Merum Pemberton Metier Wines Yarra Valley Mihi Creek Vineyard New England Miles from Nowhere Margaret River Millbrook Winery Perth Hills Mitchelton Nagambie Lakes Moppity Vineyards Hilltops Mount Appallan Vineyards South Burnett Mount Buffalo Vineyard Alpine Valleys Mount Burrumboot Estate Heathcote Mount Camel Ridge Estate Heathcote Mount Cole Wineworks Grampians Mount Pilot Estate North East Victoria Mount Surmon Clare Valley Mount Trio Vineyard Porongurup Mountadam Eden Valley Mr Riggs Wine Company McLaren Vale Mulyan Cowra Munari Heathcote Mundoonen Canberra Murray Darling Collection Murray Darling Murray Street Vineyard Barossa Valley Myattsfield Vineyard and Winery Perth Hills Myrtle Vale Vineyard Upper Goulburn Nalbra Estate Geelong Neqtar Wines Murray Darling Noorilim Estate Goulburn Valley Normanby Wines Queensland Zone Nursery Ridge Murray Darling Oakover Estate Swan Valley Oatley Wines Mudgee Oceanview Estates Queensland Coastal Olivers Taranga McLaren Vale Orange Mountain Orange Organic Vignerons Australia Riverland Paracombe Wines Adelaide Hills Parri Estate Southern Fleurieu Patterson Lakes Estate Port Phillip Zone Peel Ridge Peel Peerick Vineyard Pyrenees Pelican's Landing Maritime Wines Southern Fleurieu Penny's Hill McLaren Vale Pennyfield Wines Riverland Pepper Tree Wines Hunter Valley Pepperilly Estate Wines Geographe Petaluma Adelaide Hills Petersons Glenesk Estate Mudgee Pettavel Geelong Philip Shaw Orange Phoenix Estate Clare Valley Piano Gully Manjimup Pikes Clare Valley Pinnacle Wines Orange Plan B Margaret River Plunkett Fowles Strathbogie Ranges Poachers Ridge Vineyards Mount Barker Pondalowie Bendigo Possums Vineyard McLaren Vale Pothana Hunter Valley Prince of Orange Orange Printhie Wines Orange Protero Adelaide Hills Purple Hen Wines Gippsland Pyren Vineyard Pyrenees Ralph Fowler Wines Mount Benson Ravensworth Wines Canberra Redbank Victoria King Valley Redheads Studio McLaren Vale Rees Miller Estate Upper Goulburn Regent Wines Swan Hill Ridgemill Estate Granite Belt Ridgeview Wines Hunter Valley Riverbank Estate Swan Valley Robert Johnson Vineyards Eden Valley Roberts Estate Murray Darling Rocky Passes Wines Upper Goulburn Romavilla Roma Roundstone Winery Yarra Valley Rowanston on the Track Macedon Ranges Rupert's Ridge Estate Heathcote Rutherglen Estates Rutherglen Salisbury Winery Murray Darling Saltram Barossa Valley Sanguine Estate Heathcote Sautjan Vineyards Macedon Ranges Scion Vineyard Rutherglen Seabrook Wines Barossa Valley Seven Ochres Vineyard Margaret River Seven Ochres Margaret River Sevenhill Wines Clare Valley Shadowfax Vineyard and Winery Geelong Shelmerdine Heathcote Sieber Road Wines Barossa Valley Sirromet Queensland Coastal Smidge Wines Langhorne Creek Snobs Creek Wines Upper Goulburn Solstice Mount Torrens Vineyards Adelaide Hills Sons of Eden Barossa Valley Sorby Adams Eden Valley Southern Highland Wines Southern Highlands Spence's Vineyard Geelong Spinifex Barossa Valley Spoehr Creek Wines Adelaide Hills SpringLane Yarra Valley St Leonards Rutherglen Steinborner Family Vineyards Barossa Valley Stella Bella Margaret River Sticks Yarra Valley Stone Ridge Granite Belt Stonehaven Padthaway Stuart Wines Heathcote Sugarloaf Ridge Southern Tasmania Sutherlands Creek Vineyard Geelong Sutton Grange Winery Bendigo Swings & Roundabouts Margaret River Symphonia King Valley Symphony Hill Wines Granite Belt Syrahmi Heathcote T'Gallant Mornington Peninsula Taemus Wines Canberra Tahbilk Nagambie Lakes Tall Poppy Murray Darling Tallarook Wines Upper Goulburn Tallis Wine Company Goulburn Valley Taltarni Pyrenees Tamar Ridge Northern Tasmania Tanglewood Vines Blackwood Valley Tapestry McLaren Vale Tatachilla McLaren Vale Tawonga Vineyard Alpine Valleys Taylors Clare Valley Temple Bruer Langhorne Creek Terra Felix Upper Goulburn The Islander Estate Vineyards Kangaroo Island The Lane Adelaide Hills The Pawn Wine Company Langhorne Creek The Ritual Peel The Standish Wine Company Barossa Valley Three Moon Creek Queensland Zone Tiltili Wines Langhorne Creek Tim Smith Wines Barossa Valley Torbreck Vintners Barossa Valley Trahna Rutherglen Wines Rutherglen Trentham Estate Murray Darling Turners Crossing Vineyard Bendigo Two Dorks Estate Heathcote Valhalla Wines Rutherglen Veritas Barossa Valley Vincognita McLaren Vale Vinea Marson Heathcote Vintara Rutherglen W Wine of Mudgee Mudgee Wallington Wines Cowra Walter Clappis Wine Co McLaren Vale Wandoo Farm Central Western Australian Zone Wanted Man Heathcote Waratah Vineyard Queensland Zone Watershed Wines Margaret River Waurn Ponds Estate Geelong Wedgetail Ridge Estate Darling Downs West Cape Howe Wines Denmark Westend Estate Riverina Western Range Wines Perth Hills Westgate Vineyard Grampians Westlake Vineyards Barossa Valley Whale Coast Wines Southern Fleurieu Whicher Ridge Geographe Whistling Eagle Wines Heathcote Whitsend Estate Yarra Valley Whyworry Wines New England Willow Bridge Estate Geographe Wills Domain Vineyard Margaret River Willunga 100 Wines McLaren Vale Winbirra Vineyard Mornington Peninsula Winewood Granite Belt Wirra Wirra McLaren Vale Woop Woop Wines McLaren Vale Wovenfield Geographe Wrattonbully Vineyards Wrattonbully Yalumba Wine Company Barossa Valley Yangarra Estate McLaren Vale Yarra Yarra Yarra Valley Yarra Yering Yarra Valley Yarraloch Yarra Valley Yengari Wine Company Beechworth Yering Station Yarra Valley Zilzie Wines Murray Darling Zonte's Footstep Langhorne Creek 欧洲其他产区：关于世界上的其他种植区域，我们不能忽视欧洲的其他地区。到目前为止，已经发现在意大利，西班牙，希腊，瑞士和奥地利种植了维欧尼。 美国维欧尼：1990年之前几乎没有任何维欧尼种植在加州葡萄园，今天约有800公顷。80年代Calera酒庄是引进维欧尼的先驱，但自1990年以来已被广泛种植，满足来自美国的大量需求。现在在加州已经尝试结合霞多丽，白诗南和Colombard。 加州是不是唯一种植维欧尼的州，华盛顿州目前已拥有20公顷种植，在科罗拉多州，佐治亚州，纽约州，北卡罗来纳州，俄勒冈州，得克萨斯州和弗吉尼亚州都有维欧尼种植。 |
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