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词条 瞬间性动词
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瞬间性动词表示延续性词义

有些瞬间性动词可以表示延续性词义,这时它们就可以与段时间状语连用了。例如:

I'm going away for a few days. 我要出去几天。(go away 表示travel)

I went to Paris for two weeks. 我去了巴黎两个星期。(go to表示 visit)

We go to the seaside for a week every August. 我们每年八月都要到海滨度过一个星期。(go 表示travel)

She left me waiting in the rain for an hour. 她让我在雨里等了一个小时。(leave表示cause sb. / sth. to be or remain in a particular state or position,即"使某人或某物处于某一特定的状态"。)

瞬间性动词的否定形式

瞬间性动词的否定形式可以表示某一状态,这时,可以与段时间状语连用。例如:

Don't get off until the bus stops. 等车停了再下车。(停车之前要处于呆在车上的状态。)

瞬间性动词的被动结构

"be+瞬间性动词的过去分词"即系表结构也可以表示状态,因此也可以与段时间状语连用。例如:

They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经十年了。

The book has been lost for a week.那书已经丢了一周了。

当要表达瞬间性动作发生之后一段时间的概念时,可以有多种不同的表达方式。试比较:

汤姆到了三十分钟了。

方法1:Tom has been here for 30 minutes.

方法2:It's 30 minutes since Tom arrived.

方法3:Tom got here 30 minutes ago.

艾丽丝直到她妈妈回来了才睡觉。

方法1: Alice didn't go to bed until her mother came back.

方法2: Alice stayed up until her mother came back.

你们认识多长时间了?

方法1: How long have you known each other?

方法2: How long ago did you get to know each other?

方法3: How long is it since you got to know each other?

Exercises:

根据汉语完成句子。

1. 火车离开已经十五分钟了。

(1)The train ______ ______ ______ for fifteen minutes.

(2) fifteen minutes the train left.

2. 我直到夜里十二点才睡觉。

(1)I______ ______ ______ ______ until 12 at night.

(2)I______ ______ until 12 at night.

3. 他戒烟已经三个月了。

(1)______ three months______ he ______ ______ smoking.

(2)He______ ______ for three months.

4. 他爸爸去世已经三年了。

(1)His father ______ ______ ______ ______.

(2)His father______ ______ ______ for three years.

(3)______ three years______ his father______.

Key: 1. (1)has been gone (2)It's; since

2. (1)didn't go to bed (2)stayed up

3. (1)It's; since; gave up

(2)hasn't smoked

4. (1)died three years ago

(2)has been dead

(3)It's; since; died

可以用现在完成时,但不能加时间段

延续性动词和瞬间性动词

延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write, da-nce,sing,smoke 瞬间性动词pen,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish,admit,join,start

1、终止性动词:

表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close, come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,marry,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。 终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。 如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。 I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达 n.). I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days. catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。 Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold. Take care not to get cold. 但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。 如:Brown has taken a slight cold. 注意下列句子: I have caught a cold for over a week.(×) I have had a cold for over a week.(?)

2、延续性动词:

表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如:be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用;这类动词如用于进行时态,则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。 He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×) He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.(?)

3、代替终止性动词的方法

a) 用延续性动词代替终止性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b) 用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c) 用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d) 用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to somewhere

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