| 词条 | 一般过去时 |
| 释义 | 一般过去时它表示的是：某个动作作发生在过去的时间里，并且这个动作已经完成了。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。 § 基本概念 1.“过去的时间”可长可短，哪怕是一分钟之前发生的事，也是过去时，时间用just now 表示；当然一万年前发生的事更是过去时； 2.这个“过去的时间”一般是比较笼统的“一段”时间，比如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when... 等等。也就是说，“过去的时间”不是一个非常准确的时间，因为如果是明确的时间，就要用过去进行时了。 3.过去时表示的动作已经结束了，它侧重于这个事情已经做过并已完成，跟现在没有多大的联系。如果要强调过去的动作对现在的影响，就要用现在完成时了。 § 句型构成 一般过去时 一般过去时主要是通过谓语动词的变化来表示的。英语中每种时态都要求谓语动词进行相应的变化。在一般过去时里，要求谓语动词用动词“过去式”。 原形动词变为过去式，可以概括为两类：一类是规则的变化，另一类是不规则的变化。 1.规则变化的动词过去式 (1) 在词尾加ed 或d 英语中大部分动词过去式都是规则变化的，即在动词后加上ed；如果结尾字母是不发音的e，则只要加上一个d就行了。例如： work-worked clean-cleaned play-played decide-decided live-lived love-loved (2) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed study-studied hurry-hurried carry-carried (3) 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母再加ed stop-stopped drop-dropped wag-wagged 2.不规则变化的动词过去式 不规则变化是指过去式不能加ed，用另外一个词来表示。这样的不规则过去式也有很多，只有靠一个一个去记忆了。例如： is/am-was are-were have/has-had shall-should will-would can-could may- might go-went come-came take-took sit-sat say-said get-got swim-swam run-ran write-wrote sing-sang tell-told speak-spoke begin-began break-broke 不规则变化中，还有少数词的过去式与原形动词完成相同；read的过去式只是读音改变了。例如： cut-cut put-put let-let read-read [red] keep-kept feel-felt sleep-slept sweep-swept build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent ring-rang sit-sat drink-drank sing-sang swim-swam think-thought buy-bought bring-brought fight-fought teach-taught catch-caught know-knew grow-grew throw-threw draw-drew 3.规则动词过去式的读音 在清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] 等后，ed要读[t]。 例如： worked, finished 在元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要读[d]。 例如：lived, called 在[t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。 例如：started，needed § 句型用法 1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3.句型： It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事' I'd rather you came tomorrow. 4.wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较： 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。 1.动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2.情态动词 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? § 疑问句型 过去时的一般疑问句可以分为两类。 1.was / were, had (有) 它们的一般疑问句是将was / were, had移到主语前面，否定句是直接在它们后面加上not。例如： He was very busy last Friday. Was he very busy last Friday? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. He wasn't very busy last Friday. The girls were happy about it. Were the girls happy about it? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. The girls were not happy about it. She had a car last year. Had she a car last year? Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't. She hadn't a car last year. 2.实义动词 实义动词过去式的一般疑问句，是在主语前加上did；否定句是在谓语动词前加上did not，并将谓语动词改为动词原形。请注意：过去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或did not。 例如： Li Ming studied English this morning. Did Li Ming studied English this morning？Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. Li Ming didn't study English this morning. We often played badminton together. Did you often played badminton together? Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. We didn't often play badminton together. 其次，had 如果作为实义动词的话，也是加did或did not. 例如： They had a meeting last Friday. Did they have a meeting last Friday? Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. They didn't have a meeting last Friday. 3.过去时的特殊疑问句 When did this happen? It happened in the Han Dynasty. 这是什么时候发生的事？是汉朝时发生的。 How did you find the job? I found it in the newspaper.这工作你是怎么知道的？我从报纸上看到的。 Who told you this? Mr. Green did.这事是谁告诉你的？是Mr. Green. § 三变技巧 一变：肯定句变为否定句 技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如： I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket. 技巧2.当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如： I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didn't，动词还原，构成否定句。例如： The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs. 二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句 技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如： He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself? 技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如： Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old? 三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句 技巧1.确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如： They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert? 技巧2.辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如： The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen? § 句型比较 一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”没有联系。 His father is a film director. 他父亲是电影导演。 (他现在还是) His father was a film director. 他父亲曾是电影导演。 (他现在不是) How do you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？ (还在看小说) How did you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？ (已看完小说) § 句型口诀 一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单，didn't 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。 § 注意事项 1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性 如果主句用了过去时，从句中一般也要用过去式，或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如： He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。 I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。 2.在口语中， 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去，而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如： I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。 I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。 I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。 Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗？ 3.used to used to 是一个词组，表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如： I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了) I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了) § 参考资料 [1] 新E英语 http://www.mrshen.com/EngClass/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=809 |
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