“强调句”的意思、由来-中文百科全书

词条

强调句

释义

强调句

强调句(The Emphatic Pattern)是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。

英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)..."。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。

§ 常用句型

1. 陈述句的强调句型

It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。

例子 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

2. 一般疑问句的强调句型

同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

例子 Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?

3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型

被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？

例子 When and where was it that you were born?

4.not … until … 句型的强调句

A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分

普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

B. 注意：

此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

5.谓语动词的强调

A. It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！

B. 注意：

此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

§ 强调形式

常见到的强调形式，共有以下七类：

⒈用do\\does\\did + V可表强调

Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.

⒉adv或adj可表强调：Never \\ only\\ Very

This is the very question that deserves careful analysis.

⒊双重否定可表强调

Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks.

⒋what引导的主从可表强调

What really matters is cooperation.

⒌倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调)

Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem.

⒍比较状语从句可表强调

Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past.

⒎强调句型可表强调

It is \\was +被强调部份+ that \\ who +原句剩余部份

It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.

§ 语法结构

强调句的十种结构：

1．用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调：

Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。

2．用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：

How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？

3．用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－l y的副词来进行强调：

I really don’t know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。

4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：

Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？

5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：

How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！

6．用重复来表示强调：

Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。

7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：

On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）

8．用强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：

It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

9．用If来表示强调：

1）If从句＋I don’t know who／what，etc．does／is／has，etc．

主语部分也可以用nobody does／is／has，etc．或everybody does／is／has，et c．来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：

If he can’t do it，I don’t know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做） If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）

2）if从句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：

If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。

10．用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：

It’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！

He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）

§ 最近14年(含2008年)高考英语语法题详解

·强调句

1. It was about 600 years ago __________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET 1997)

A. that B. until

C. before D. when

2. It was only when I reread his poems recently __________ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 1998)

A. until B. that

C. then D. so

3. It is the ability to do the work __________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)

A. one B. that

C. what D. it

4. —Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

—__________. (1996上海卷)

A. I didn’t know he was B. Yes, it was

C. No, he wasn’t D. Yes, he did

5. Was __________ that I saw last night at the concert? (1997上海卷)

A. it you B. not you

C. you D. that yourself

6. It was __________ he said __________ disappointed me. (1999上海卷)

A. what; that B. that; that

C. what; what D. that; what

7. It is these poisonous products __________ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003上海卷)

A. who B. that

C. how D. what

8. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages __________ attracted the audience’s interest. (2000上海春)

A. so that B. that

C. what D. in which

9. It was for this reason __________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. (2001上海春)

A. which B. why

C. that D. how

10. It was __________back home after the experiments. (2004湖北卷)

A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go

C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go

11. Why! I have nothing to confess. __________you want me to say? (2004上海卷)

A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that D. How it is that

12. It wasn’t until nearly a month later __________ I received the manager’s reply. (2005全国卷I)

A. since B. when

C. as D. that

13. It is what you do rather than what you way __________matters (2005天津卷)

A. that B. what

C. which D. this

14.— __________ that he manage to get the information.

—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (2005山东卷)

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it

【答案与解析】

1. A。该句强调时间状语。判断是否是强调结构的方法是：将 it is卼hat 三个词去掉，句子(有时要调整顺序)依然正确，就是强调结构，否则就不是。

2. B。强调时间状语从句。

3. B。强调的是主语。

4. B。对强调结构的一般问句的回答，若是过去式用 Yes, it was. 或 No, it wasn’t.

5. A。强调宾语(you)。强调结构的一般问句是：Was / Is it+被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分？强调结构的特殊问句是：疑问词+was / is it that+句子的其他部分？如 When was it that you came back?

6. A。强调 what 引导的主语从句。

7. B。强调主语。

8. B。It was…that…是强调结构。此结构可强调除谓语外的任何一个句子成分，该句强调的是how引导的主语从句。

9. C。强调的是作原因状语的介词短语。

10. C。因为not…until…的强调结构是：it be not until…that…(肯定)。也不要用倒装，故选C。顺便说说，也可用not until开头来强调，此时要倒装，请比较：Not until midnight did he went back…。

11. A。考查强调结构的特殊问句的句式。因为及物动词say要接宾语，排除C和D; 这是一个疑问句，所以is要放在it之前，排除B，只有A正确。

12. D。因为It wasn’t until…that…是not…until…的强调结构。

13. A。强调结构，强调的是主语从句。

14. C。强调结构，由答语可知，应当用how。

§ 相关链接

[1] 神州学习网 http://www.szstudy.cn/index.shtml

[2] 大耳朵英语 http://www.ebigear.com/news-27-43604.html

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