归化翻译法旨在尽量减少译文中的异国情调，为目的语读者提供一种自然流畅的译文。Venuti 认为，归化法源于这一著名翻译论说，“尽量不干扰读者，请作者向读者靠近”（Schleiermacher 1838/1963:47, 1838/1977:74; Venuti 1995：19-20）。

简介

步骤

分析

简介

然而，对Venuti来说，归化法带有贬义，因为归化法实际上体现了主导文化社会中常见的政策，即“盲目自大地使用单语，把外来文化拒于门外”。他还认为，主导文化社会“习惯于接受通顺易懂的译文，把外国文本中的价值观隐匿在本国的价值观之中，令读者面对他国文化时，还在自我陶醉地欣赏自己的文化”（1995：15）。这里的“隐匿”是一个重要的概念，因为它说明了译者在翻译中的角色。在以归化法作为标准翻译法的文化社会中，正是译者的“隐匿性”使译文自然而然地归化于目的语文化而不被读者发觉（1995：16-17）。

步骤

归化翻译法通常包含以下几个步骤：（1）谨慎地选择适合于归化翻译的文本；（2）有意识地采取一种自然流畅的目的语文体；（3）把译文调整成目的语篇体裁；（4）插入解释性资料；（5）删去原文中的实观材料；（6）调协译文和原文中的观念与特征。

分析

Venuti指出，归化翻译法是英美文化社会中占主导地位的翻译策略。这种策略与该文化社会和其他文化社会的非对称文学关系相一致。由于归化翻译法流行于英美文化社会诸多领域，因此有必要有意识地选择其他翻译策略，以挑战其统治地位。以下分析一个归化翻译的例子。

6. A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at the back of the room got up and said: “What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise. The scientist gave a superior smile before replying, ”What is the tortoise standing on?“ ”You‘re very clever, young man, very clever,“ said the old lady. ”But it’s turtles all the way down!“

(From Hawking, S.W. 1988. A Brief History of Time from the Big Bang to Black Holes. London and Auckland: Bantam Press. (从希腊译本回译) Alice in Wonderland was once giving a lecture about astronomy. She said that the earth is a spherical planet in the solar system which orbits around its center the sun, and that the sun is a star which in turn orbits around the center of the star system which we call the Galaxy. At the end of the lecture the Queen looked at her angrily and disapprovingly. “what you say is nonsense. The earth is just a giant playing card, so it‘s flat like all playing card,” she said, and turned triumphantly to the members of her retinue, who seemed clearly satisfied by her explanation. Alice smiled a superior smile, “and what is this playing card supported on?” she asked with irony. The Queen did not seem put out, “You are clever, very clever,” she replied, “so let me tell you, young lady, that this playing card is supported on another, and the other on another other, and the other other on another other other…” She topped, out of breath, “The Universe is nothing but a great big pack of cards,” she shrieked.

析：原文是霍金（S.W. Hawking）的《时间简史》，属于科普著作，阅读对象为有一定文化程度的读者。其文本类型和读者类型决定了其语言特点是朴实明了，不带太多的修饰成分。译文（希腊语）的目的读者显然是少年儿童，译者根据目的语的文化背景，采用了归化翻译法，对译文进行了特殊的处理：（1）采用了形象替代法，套用了少年儿童熟悉的“Alice in Wonderland”（《爱丽丝游记》）故事中的人物来讲原文中的故事。爱丽丝（Alice）是一个充满好奇心、求知欲强、爱思考的女孩子，译者用她来代替原文中的科学家，对于少年儿童来说更加有吸引力。《爱丽丝游记》中有一段是讲爱丽丝与一个扑克王国的故事，而这个王国中最主要的人物就是皇后。爱丽丝常与皇后发生争论，而皇后的形象与原文中的老妇人（the old lady）十分相似，就是趾高气扬，固执己见。因此，译者用皇后（the Queen）代替原文中的老妇人（the old lady）；用扑克（playing card）代替乌龟（tortoise），整个故事里面的喻体变了，但是喻义没有变。