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词条 无线传感器网络同步技术/国外电子信息精品著作
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图书信息

书 名: 无线传感器网络同步技术/国外电子信息精品著作

作 者:ErchinSerpedin

出版社: 科学出版社

出版时间: 2011年6月1日

ISBN: 9787030315205

开本: 16开

定价: 50.00元

内容简介

无线传感器网络在民用与军用设备中有着广泛的应用。微传感器以无线互联的形式完成高度分散系统中的感应、计算、通信以及控制等工作。塞佩丁编著的同步技术。本书概述了无线传感器网络中的时钟同步协议,着重讲解了导出高效时钟补偿评估方法以及运行评估指标等技术手段。《无线传感器网络同步技术(影印版)》适合电子信息专业、计算机专业的高年级本科生、研究生以及相关研究人员阅读。

图书目录

PREFACE page XI

1 INTRODUCTION page 1

1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks 1

1.2 Time Synchronization 2

1.3 Importance of Time Synchronization 3

1.4 History of Clock Synchronization 4

1.5 Outline 6

2 SIGNAL MODELS FOR TIME SYNCHRONIZATION page lO

2.1 Definition of Clock lo

2.2 Design Considerations 11

2.3 Delay Components in Timing Message Delivery 13

3 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS page 15

3.1 Pairwise Synchronization - 16

3.1.1 Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN) 16

3.1.2 Tiny-Sync and Mini-Sync 8

3.1.3 Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) 19

3.1.4 Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) 21

3.2 Network-Wide Synchronization 21

3.2.1 Extension of TPSN 22

3.2.2 Lightweight Time Synchronization (LTS) 22

3.2.3 Extension of RBS 23

3.2.4 Extension of FTSP 23

3.2.5 Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization (PBS) 24

3.2.6 Time Diffusion Protocol (TDP) 24

3.2.7 Synchronous and Asynchronous Diffusion Algorithms 26

3.2.8 Protocols Based on Pulse Transmissions - 27

3.3 Adaptive Time Synchronization 28

3.3.1 Rate-Adaptive Time Synchronization (RATS) 28

3.3.2 RBS-based Adaptive Clock Synchronization 29

3.3.3 Adaptive Multi-Hop Time Synchronization (AMTS) 30

4 FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO TIME SYNCHRONIZATION page 32

4.1 Sender-Receiver Synchronization (SRS) 33

4.2 Receiver-Only Synchronization (ROS) 36

4.3 Receiver-Receiver Synchronization (RRS) 39

4.4 COmparisons 41

5 MINIMUM VARIANCE UNBIASED ESTIMATION (MVUE)OF CLOCK OFFSET page 42

5.1 The System Architecture - 43

5.2 Best Linear Unbiased Estimation Using Order Statistics(BLUE-OS) 45

5.2.1 Symmetric Link Delays 47

5.2.2 Asymmetric Link Delays - 48

5.3 Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation (MVUE) 51

5.3.1 Asymmetric Link Delays 5

5.3.2 Symmetric Link Delays 55

5.4 Explanatory Remarks 57

6 CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW ESTIMATION page 62

6.1 Gaussian Delay Model 63

6.1.1 Maximum Likelihood (ML) Clock Offset Estimation - 63

6.1.2 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for Clock Offset 64

6.1.3 Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation (JMLE) of Clock Offset and Skew 64

6.1.4 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for Clock Offset and Skew 67

6.2 Exponential Delay Model. 69

6.2.1 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for Clock Offset - 70

6.2.2 Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation (JMLE) of Clock Offsetand Skew 73

7 COMPUTATIONALLY SIMPLIFIED ScHEMEs FOR ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW page 90

7.1 Using the First and the Last Data Sample 91

7.1.1 Gaussian Delay Model 91

7.1.2 Exponential Delay Model 92

7.1.3 Combination of Clock Offset and Skew Estimation 95

7.1.4 Simulation Results 96

7.2 Fitting the Line Between Two Points at Minimum Distance Apart 99

7.2.I Simulation Results lol

7.2.2 Computational Complexity Comparison lo2

8 PAIRWISE BROADCAST SYNCHRONIZATION (PBS) - page lo4

8.1 Synchronization for Single-Cluster Networks lo5

8.2 Comparisons and Analysis lo5

8.3 Synchronization for Multi-Cluster Networks - lo7

8.3.1 Network-Wide Pair Selection Algorithm (NPA) lO8

8.3.2 Group-Wise Pair Selection Algorithm (GPA) - 1io

8.4 Comparisons and Analysis 114

9 ENERGY-EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET FOR INACTIVE NODES page 118

9.1 Problem Formulation 119

9.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) 121

9.3 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) 132

9.3.1 CRLB for the Clock Offset of Inactive Node q 133

9.3.2 CRLB for the Clock Offset of Active Node t' 137

9.4 Simulation Results 138

10 SOME IMPROVED AND GENERALIZED ESTIMATION SCHEMES FOR CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION OF INACTIVE NODES page 14o

10.1 Asymmetric Exponential Link Delays 141

10.1.1 Best Linear Unbiased Estimation Using Order Statistics (BLUE-OS) 142

10.1.2 Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation (MVUE) 145

10.1.3 Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Estimation 149

10.2 Symmetric Exponential Link Delays - 151

10.2.1 Best Linear Unbiased Estimation Using Order Statistics(BLUE-OS) 15I

10.2.2 Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation (MVUE) 153

10.2.3 Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Estimation 155

11 ADAPTIVE MULTI=HOP TIME SYNCHRONIZATION (AMTS) page I57

11.1 Main Ideas - 158

11.2 Level Discovery Phase 159

11.3 Synchronization Phase 159

11.4 Network Evaluation Phase 16o

11.4.1 Synchronization Mode Selection 16o

11.4.2 Determination of Synchronization Period 162

11.4.3 Determination of the Number of Beacons 164

11.4.4 Sequential Multi-Hop Synchronization Algorithm (SMA) 164

11.5 Simulation Results - 167

12 CLOCK DRIFT ESTIMATION FOR ACHIEVING LONG-TERM SYNCHRONIZATION - page 169

12.1 Problem Formulation 17o

12.2 The Estimation Procedure 271

13 JOINT SYNCHRONIZATION OF CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW IN a RECEIVER-REcEIVER PROTOCOL page 177

13.1 Modeling Assumptions 177

13.2 Joint Maximum Likelihood Estimation (JMLE)of the Offset and Skew 178

13.3 Application of the Gibbs Sampler 179

13.4 Performance Bounds and Simulations 181

14 ROBUST ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET page 185

14.1 Problem Modeling and Objectives - 187

14.2 Gaussian Mixture Kalman Particle Filter (GMKPF) 189

14.3 Testing the Performance of GMKPF - 192

14.4 Composite Particle Filtering (CPF) with Bootstrap Sampling (BS) 196

14.5 Testing the Performance of CPF and CPF with BS 204

15 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS page 211

ACRONYMS page 214

REFERENCES page 218

INDEX page 227

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