“无情的妖女”的意思、由来-中文百科全书

简介

《无情的妖女》 这首诗的诗名是法文的，原是法国普罗旺斯一支歌曲的名字。诗用民谣形式写成，诗段简洁，用词古朴，节奏简单而富于诱惑力，却不止是讲述民谣中常见的一类故事，而是写得更凄冷、更有魅力，弥漫着一种中世纪情调。有学者推测是受斯宾塞等前人影响；有说可能与济慈和范妮·布劳恩之间的爱情问题以及弟弟汤姆患结核病去世的影响有关；还有的认为可以看作诗人对于诗歌本身的又热爱又戒惧的心情表现，表现浪漫主义精神的一个方面。诗歌现存两个版本，一版是原稿，附于1819年4月21日给弟弟乔治的信中，另一个是第一次刊印时的版本。普遍认为初稿好于发行版，是出于谁的意愿做出改动，我们不得而知了。

原稿（1819年版）

Original version of La Belle Dame Sans Merci,1819

Oh what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, Alone and palely loitering? The sedge has withered from the lake, And no birds sing. Oh what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel';s granary is full, And the harvest';s done. I see a lily on thy brow, With anguish moist and fever-dew, And on thy cheeks a fading rose Fast withereth too. I met a lady in the meads, Full beautiful - a faery';s child, Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. I made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone; She looked at me as she did love, And made sweet moan. I set her on my pacing steed, And nothing else saw all day long, For sidelong would she bend, and sing A faery';s song. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna-dew, And sure in language strange she said - ';I love thee true';. She took me to her elfin grot, And there she wept and sighed full sore, And there I shut her wild wild eyes With kisses four. And there she lulled me asleep And there I dreamed - Ah! woe betide! - The latest dream I ever dreamt On the cold hill side. I saw pale kings and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; They cried - ';La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall!'; I saw their starved lips in the gloam, With horrid warning gaped wide, And I awoke and found me here, On the cold hill';s side. And this is why I sojourn here Alone and palely loitering, Though the sedge is withered from the lake, And no birds sing.

刊印版（1820年版）

Published version of La Belle Dame Sans Merci, 1820

Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight, Alone and palely loitering; The sedge is wither';d from the lake, And no birds sing. Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight, So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel';s granary is full, And the harvest';s done. I see a lily on thy brow, With anguish moist and fever dew; And on thy cheek a fading rose Fast withereth too. I met a lady in the meads Full beautiful, a faery';s child; Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. I set her on my pacing steed, And nothing else saw all day long; For sideways would she lean, and sing A faery';s song. I made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone; She look';d at me as she did love, And made sweet moan. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna dew; And sure in language strange she said, I love thee true. She took me to her elfin grot, And there she gaz';d and sighed deep, And there I shut her wild sad eyes-- So kiss';d to sleep. And there we slumber';d on the moss, And there I dream';d, ah woe betide, The latest dream I ever dream';d On the cold hill side. I saw pale kings, and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; Who cry';d--"La belle Dame sans merci Hath thee in thrall!" I saw their starv';d lips in the gloam With horrid warning gaped wide, And I awoke, and found me here On the cold hill side. And this is why I sojourn here Alone and palely loitering, Though the sedge is wither';d from the lake, And no birds sing.

诗文汉译

骑士啊，是什么苦恼你

独自沮丧地游荡？

湖中的芦苇已经枯了，

也没有鸟儿歌唱！

骑士啊，是什么苦恼你，

这般憔悴和悲伤?

松鼠的小巢贮满食物，

庄稼也都进了谷仓。

你的额角白似百合

垂挂着热病的露珠，

你的面颊像是玫瑰，

正在很快地凋枯。——

我在草坪上遇见了

一个妖女，美似天仙

她轻捷、长发，而眼里

野性的光芒闪闪。

我给她编织过花冠、

芬芳的腰带和手镯，

她柔声地轻轻太息，

仿佛是真心爱我。

我带她骑在骏马上．

她把脸儿侧对着我．

我整日什么都不顾，

只听她的妖女之歌。

她给采来美味的草根、

野蜜、甘露和仙果，

她用了一篇奇异的话，

说她是真心爱我。

她带我到了她的山洞，

又是落泪．又是悲叹，

我在那儿四次吻着

她野性的、野性的眼。

我被她迷得睡着了，

啊，做了个惊心的噩梦

我看见国王和王子

也在那妖女的洞中。

还有无数的骑士，

都苍白得像是骷髅；

他们叫道：无情的妖女

已把你作了俘囚！

在幽暗里，他们的瘪嘴

大张着，预告着灾祸；

我一觉醒来，看见自己

躺在这冰冷的山坡。

因此，我就留在这儿，

独自沮丧地游荡；

虽然湖中的芦苇已枯

也没有鸟儿歌唱。(查良铮译)

作者简介

济慈，全名约翰·济慈John Keats(1795年—1821年），出生于18世纪末年的伦敦，他是杰出的英国诗作家之一，也是浪漫派的主要成员。其一生写出了大量的优秀作品，其中包括《圣艾格尼丝之夜》《秋颂》《夜莺颂》和《致秋天》等名作，表现出诗人对大自然的强烈感受和热爱，为他赢得巨大声誉。济慈诗才横溢，与雪莱、拜伦齐名。他的生命只有25岁，但其遗下的诗篇一直誉满人间，被认为完美地体现了西方浪漫主义诗歌的特色，并被推崇为欧洲浪漫主义运动的杰出代表。他主张“美即是真，真即是美”，擅长描绘自然景色和事物外貌，表现景物的色彩感和立体感，重视写作技巧，语言追求华美，对后世抒情诗的创作影响极大。1893年，前拉斐尔派画家渥特豪斯受到这首诗的启发，画下他最著名的同名画。

词条	无情的妖女
释义	《无情的妖女》为约翰·济慈John Keats(1795年—1821年）所作的诗歌之一。当时，济慈与范妮的恋情正在快速发展当中。这首诗的诗名是法文的，原是法国普罗旺斯一支歌曲的名字。诗用民谣形式写成，诗段简洁，用词古朴，节奏简单而富于诱惑力，弥漫着一种中世纪情调。作品名称：《无情的妖女》创作年代：1819年4月文学体裁：诗歌作者：济慈简介原稿（1819年版）刊印版（1820年版）诗文汉译作者简介简介《无情的妖女》这首诗的诗名是法文的，原是法国普罗旺斯一支歌曲的名字。诗用民谣形式写成，诗段简洁，用词古朴，节奏简单而富于诱惑力，却不止是讲述民谣中常见的一类故事，而是写得更凄冷、更有魅力，弥漫着一种中世纪情调。有学者推测是受斯宾塞等前人影响；有说可能与济慈和范妮·布劳恩之间的爱情问题以及弟弟汤姆患结核病去世的影响有关；还有的认为可以看作诗人对于诗歌本身的又热爱又戒惧的心情表现，表现浪漫主义精神的一个方面。诗歌现存两个版本，一版是原稿，附于1819年4月21日给弟弟乔治的信中，另一个是第一次刊印时的版本。普遍认为初稿好于发行版，是出于谁的意愿做出改动，我们不得而知了。原稿（1819年版） Original version of La Belle Dame Sans Merci,1819 Oh what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, Alone and palely loitering? The sedge has withered from the lake, And no birds sing. Oh what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel';s granary is full, And the harvest';s done. I see a lily on thy brow, With anguish moist and fever-dew, And on thy cheeks a fading rose Fast withereth too. I met a lady in the meads, Full beautiful - a faery';s child, Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. I made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone; She looked at me as she did love, And made sweet moan. I set her on my pacing steed, And nothing else saw all day long, For sidelong would she bend, and sing A faery';s song. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna-dew, And sure in language strange she said - ';I love thee true';. She took me to her elfin grot, And there she wept and sighed full sore, And there I shut her wild wild eyes With kisses four. And there she lulled me asleep And there I dreamed - Ah! woe betide! - The latest dream I ever dreamt On the cold hill side. I saw pale kings and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; They cried - ';La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall!'; I saw their starved lips in the gloam, With horrid warning gaped wide, And I awoke and found me here, On the cold hill';s side. And this is why I sojourn here Alone and palely loitering, Though the sedge is withered from the lake, And no birds sing. 刊印版（1820年版） Published version of La Belle Dame Sans Merci, 1820 Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight, Alone and palely loitering; The sedge is wither';d from the lake, And no birds sing. Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight, So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel';s granary is full, And the harvest';s done. I see a lily on thy brow, With anguish moist and fever dew; And on thy cheek a fading rose Fast withereth too. I met a lady in the meads Full beautiful, a faery';s child; Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. I set her on my pacing steed, And nothing else saw all day long; For sideways would she lean, and sing A faery';s song. I made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone; She look';d at me as she did love, And made sweet moan. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna dew; And sure in language strange she said, I love thee true. She took me to her elfin grot, And there she gaz';d and sighed deep, And there I shut her wild sad eyes-- So kiss';d to sleep. And there we slumber';d on the moss, And there I dream';d, ah woe betide, The latest dream I ever dream';d On the cold hill side. I saw pale kings, and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; Who cry';d--"La belle Dame sans merci Hath thee in thrall!" I saw their starv';d lips in the gloam With horrid warning gaped wide, And I awoke, and found me here On the cold hill side. And this is why I sojourn here Alone and palely loitering, Though the sedge is wither';d from the lake, And no birds sing. 诗文汉译骑士啊，是什么苦恼你独自沮丧地游荡？湖中的芦苇已经枯了，也没有鸟儿歌唱！骑士啊，是什么苦恼你，这般憔悴和悲伤? 松鼠的小巢贮满食物，庄稼也都进了谷仓。你的额角白似百合垂挂着热病的露珠，你的面颊像是玫瑰，正在很快地凋枯。—— 我在草坪上遇见了一个妖女，美似天仙她轻捷、长发，而眼里野性的光芒闪闪。我给她编织过花冠、芬芳的腰带和手镯，她柔声地轻轻太息，仿佛是真心爱我。我带她骑在骏马上．她把脸儿侧对着我．我整日什么都不顾，只听她的妖女之歌。她给采来美味的草根、野蜜、甘露和仙果，她用了一篇奇异的话，说她是真心爱我。她带我到了她的山洞，又是落泪．又是悲叹，我在那儿四次吻着她野性的、野性的眼。我被她迷得睡着了，啊，做了个惊心的噩梦我看见国王和王子也在那妖女的洞中。还有无数的骑士，都苍白得像是骷髅；他们叫道：无情的妖女已把你作了俘囚！在幽暗里，他们的瘪嘴大张着，预告着灾祸；我一觉醒来，看见自己躺在这冰冷的山坡。因此，我就留在这儿，独自沮丧地游荡；虽然湖中的芦苇已枯也没有鸟儿歌唱。(查良铮译) 作者简介济慈，全名约翰·济慈John Keats(1795年—1821年），出生于18世纪末年的伦敦，他是杰出的英国诗作家之一，也是浪漫派的主要成员。其一生写出了大量的优秀作品，其中包括《圣艾格尼丝之夜》《秋颂》《夜莺颂》和《致秋天》等名作，表现出诗人对大自然的强烈感受和热爱，为他赢得巨大声誉。济慈诗才横溢，与雪莱、拜伦齐名。他的生命只有25岁，但其遗下的诗篇一直誉满人间，被认为完美地体现了西方浪漫主义诗歌的特色，并被推崇为欧洲浪漫主义运动的杰出代表。他主张“美即是真，真即是美”，擅长描绘自然景色和事物外貌，表现景物的色彩感和立体感，重视写作技巧，语言追求华美，对后世抒情诗的创作影响极大。1893年，前拉斐尔派画家渥特豪斯受到这首诗的启发，画下他最著名的同名画。
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