词条 | smartd |
释义 | smartd是一个守护进程(一个帮助程序),它能监视拥有自我监视,分析和汇报技术(Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology - SMART)的硬盘。 SMART系统使得硬盘能监视并汇报自己的运行状况。它的一个重要特性是能够预测失败,使得系统管理员能避免数据丢失。 概念smartd由kernel-utils包缺省安装。用命令 rpm -ql kernel-utils 可以列出kernel-utils包中的文件。 smartd守护进程通常在系统启动的时候被开启,它的配置文件是/etc/smartd.conf。 比如,假设有两个硬盘被安装,/dev/hda和/dev/hdb。一个是CD_ROM设备,另一个是硬盘。为了检测它们是否支持SMART,使用命令 smartctl -i /dev/hda 和 smartctl -i /dev/hdb: # /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdasmartctl version 5.1-11 Copyright (C) 2002-3 Bruce AllenHome page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===Device Model: ST380011ASerial Number: 3JVB672NFirmware Version: 8.01Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]ATA Version is: 6ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-6 T13 1410D revision 2Local Time is: Fri Aug 20 14:09:16 2004 ESTSMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.SMART support is: Enabled”SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.“这行说明支持SMART。"SMART support is: Enabled”这行说明SMART已经被打开。 CD-ROM设备和旧式的硬盘不支持SMART,这可以从smartctl -i /dev/hdb的输出看出: # /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdbsmartctl version 5.1-11 Copyright (C) 2002-3 Bruce AllenHome page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===Device Model: LTN526DSerial Number: [No Information Found]Firmware Version: 9S03Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]ATA Version is: 1ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicatedLocal Time is: Fri Aug 20 14:24:43 2004 ESTSMART is only available in ATA Version 3 Revision 3 or greater.We will try to proceed in spite of this.SMART support is: Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.A mandatory SMART command has failed: exiting. To continue, use the -T option to set the tolerance level to 'permissive' 注意有些硬盘控制器不支持SMART。比如有些硬件RAID控制器不支持,或者不会传递SMART信息,即使加入的硬盘支持SMART。 可以修改/etc/smartctl.conf文件,使得smartd只监视你想监视的设备。假设只有/dev/hda需要被监视,在该设备上如果有警告信息发生,需要把它发给根用户,那么/etc/smartd.conf需要这样修改: # /etc/smartd.conf# Sample configuration file for smartd. See man 5 smartd.conf.# Home page is: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net...# A very silent check. Only report SMART health status if it fails# But send an email in this case/dev/hda -a -m root@localhost.localdomain ... 编辑完/etc/smartd.conf,重启该守护进程: # /sbin/service smartd restartShutting down smartd: [FAILED]Starting smartd: [ OK ] 要设置smartd在系统启动时候被激活,在根用户下用 chkconfig smartd on 命令。 #chkconfig smartd off 这是关闭smartd服务自动启动,机器重新启动时smartd不再运行! smartd使用smartd是一个守护进程(一个帮助程序),它能监视拥有自我监视,分析和汇报技术(Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology - SMART)的硬盘。 SMART系统使得硬盘能监视并汇报自己的运行状况。它的一个重要特性是能够预测失败,使得系统管理员能避免数据丢失。 smartd由kernel-utils包缺省安装。用命令 rpm -ql kernel-utils 可以列出kernel-utils包中的文件。 smartd守护进程通常在系统启动的时候被开启,它的配置文件是/etc/smartd.conf。 比如,假设有两个硬盘被安装,/dev/hda和/dev/hdb。一个是CD_ROM设备,另一个是硬盘。为了检测它们是否支持SMART,使用命令 smartctl -i /dev/hda 和 smartctl -i /dev/hdb: # /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hda smartctl version 5.1-11 Copyright (C) 2002-3 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: ST380011A Serial Number: 3JVB672N Firmware Version: 8.01 Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 6 ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-6 T13 1410D revision 2 Local Time is: Fri Aug 20 14:09:16 2004 EST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled ”SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.“这行说明支持SMART。"SMART support is: Enabled”这行说明SMART已经被打开。 CD-ROM设备和旧式的硬盘不支持SMART,这可以从smartctl -i /dev/hdb的输出看出: # /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdb smartctl version 5.1-11 Copyright (C) 2002-3 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: LTN526D Serial Number: [No Information Found] Firmware Version: 9S03 Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 1 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Fri Aug 20 14:24:43 2004 EST SMART is only available in ATA Version 3 Revision 3 or greater. We will try to proceed in spite of this. SMART support is: Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability. A mandatory SMART command has failed: exiting. To continue, use the -T option to set the tolerance level to 'permissive' 注意有些硬盘控制器不支持SMART。比如有些硬件RAID控制器不支持,或者不会传递SMART信息,即使加入的硬盘支持SMART。 可以修改/etc/smartctl.conf(注:应是 /etc/smart.conf ?)文件,使得smartd只监视你想监视的设备。假设只有/dev/hda需要被监视,在该设备上如果有警告信息发生,需要把它发给根用户,那么/etc/smartd.conf需要这样修改: # /etc/smartd.conf # Sample configuration file for smartd. See man 5 smartd.conf. # Home page is: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net ... # A very silent check. Only report SMART health status if it fails # But send an email in this case /dev/hda -a -m root@localhost.localdomain ... 编辑完/etc/smartd.conf,重启该守护进程: # /sbin/service smartd restart Shutting down smartd: [FAILED] Starting smartd: [ OK ] 要设置smartd在系统启动时候被激活,在根用户下用 chkconfig smartd on 命令。 /etc/smartd.conf文件写的很好,有很多例子可以参考。 关于Linux smartmon工具的更多信息,可以在 http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net 找到。关于SMART的常用信息,可以在 http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/#references 找到。 [root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hda smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: Maxtor 6Y080L0 Serial Number: Y2NCM7GE Firmware Version: YAR41BW0 User Capacity: 81,964,302,336 bytes Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 7 ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-7 T13 1532D revision 0 Local Time is: Tue Sep 19 15:06:58 2006 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled [root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdc smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: ATAPI-CD ROM-DRIVE-52MAX Serial Number: [No Information Found] Firmware Version: Ver 52E4 Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 1 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Tue Sep 19 15:07:04 2006 CST SMART is only available in ATA Version 3 Revision 3 or greater. We will try to proceed in spite of this. SMART support is: Unavailable - Packet Interface Devices [this device: CD/DVD] don't support ATA SMART A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options. [root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl -i /dev/hdd smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: Maxtor 6Y060L0 Serial Number: Y2N48WXE Firmware Version: YAR41BW0 User Capacity: 61,492,838,400 bytes Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 7 ATA Standard is: ATA/ATAPI-7 T13 1532D revision 0 Local Time is: Tue Sep 19 15:07:07 2006 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled [root@anima lwg]# /etc/init.d/smartd restart Shutting down smartd: [FAILED] Starting smartd: [FAILED] [root@anima lwg]# cat /etc/smartd.conf /dev/hda -H -m root@localhost.localdomain /dev/hdb -H -m root@localhost.localdomain [root@anima lwg]# cp /etc/smartd.conf /etc/smartd.conf.bak [root@anima lwg]# vim /etc/smartd.conf #修改了监视设备,并设置在相应设备上如果有警告信息发生,需要把它发给根用户。 #下列两行注释是原文内容: #/dev/hda -H -m root@localhost.localdomain #/dev/hdb -H -m root@localhost.localdomain /dev/hda -a -m root@localhost.localdomain /dev/hdd -a -m root@localhost.localdomain [root@anima lwg]# [root@anima lwg]# /etc/init.d/smartd restart Shutting down smartd: [FAILED] Starting smartd: [ OK ] [root@anima lwg]# [root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartd --help smartd version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ Usage: smartd [options] -c NAME|-, --configfile=NAME|- Read configuration file NAME or stdin [default is /etc/smartd.conf] -d, --debug Start smartd in debug mode -D, --showdirectives Print the configuration file Directives and exit -h, --help, --usage Display this help and exit -i N, --interval=N Set interval between disk checks to N seconds, where N >= 10 -l local[0-7], --logfacility=local[0-7] Use syslog facility local0 - local7 or daemon [default] -p NAME, --pidfile=NAME Write PID file NAME -q WHEN, --quit=WHEN Quit on one of: nodev, errors, nodevstartup, never, onecheck -r, --report=TYPE Report transactions for one of: ioctl[,N], ataioctl[,N], scsiioctl[,N] -V, --version, --license, --copyright Print License, Copyright, and version information [root@anima lwg]# /usr/sbin/smartctl --help smartctl version 5.33 [i386-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-4 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ Usage: smartctl [options] device ============================================ SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS ===== -h, --help, --usage Display this help and exit -V, --version, --copyright, --license Print license, copyright, and version information and exit -i, --info Show identity information for device -a, --all Show all SMART information for device ================================== SMARTCTL RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS ===== -q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE (ATA) Set smartctl quiet mode to one of: errorsonly, silent -d TYPE, --device=TYPE Specify device type to one of: ata, scsi, marvell, 3ware,N -T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE (ATA) Tolerance: normal, conservative, permissive, verypermissive -b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE (ATA) Set action on bad checksum to one of: warn, exit, ignore -r TYPE, --report=TYPE Report transactions (see man page) ============================== DEVICE FEATURE ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS ===== -s VALUE, --smart=VALUE Enable/disable SMART on device (on/off) -o VALUE, --offlineauto=VALUE (ATA) Enable/disable automatic offline testing on device (on/off) -S VALUE, --saveauto=VALUE (ATA) Enable/disable Attribute autosave on device (on/off) ======================================= READ AND DISPLAY DATA OPTIONS ===== -H, --health Show device SMART health status -c, --capabilities (ATA) Show device SMART capabilities -A, --attributes Show device SMART vendor-specific Attributes and values -l TYPE, --log=TYPE Show device log. TYPE: error, selftest, selective, directory -v N,OPTION , --vendorattribute=N,OPTION (ATA) Set display OPTION for vendor Attribute N (see man page) -F TYPE, --firmwarebug=TYPE (ATA) Use firmware bug workaround: none, samsung, samsung2 -P TYPE, --presets=TYPE (ATA) Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall ============================================ DEVICE SELF-TEST OPTIONS ===== -t TEST, --test=TEST Run test. TEST is: offline short long conveyance select,M-N pending,N afterselect,on afterselect,off -C, --captive Do test in captive mode (along with -t) -X, --abort Abort any non-captive test on device =================================================== SMARTCTL EXAMPLES ===== smartctl -a /dev/hda (Prints all SMART information) smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/hda (Enables SMART on first disk) smartctl -t long /dev/hda (Executes extended disk self-test) smartctl --attributes --log=selftest --quietmode=errorsonly /dev/hda (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors) smartctl -a --device=3ware,2 /dev/sda (Prints all SMART info for 3rd ATA disk on 3ware RAID controller) [root@anima lwg]# |
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